Akbari, H., et al. (2024). Identifying the barriers to data-driven governance in Iran’s public sector: A phenomenological approach. Journal of Public Administration, 16(1), 80–102. [In Persian]
Aliaei, M., Montazer, Gh. A., & Hosseini-Moghaddam, S. (2024). Policy recommendations for realizing smart higher education in Iran: A comparative study. Journal of Public Policy, 10(1), 45–68. [In Persian]
Chan, C. K. Y. (2023). A comprehensive AI policy education framework for university teaching and learning. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 38. 1
Chan, C. K. Y. (2023). A comprehensive AI policy education framework for university teaching and learning. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 38. 1
Clark, C., Cluver, M., Fishman, T., & Kunkel, D. (2025). 2025 Higher Education Trends. Deloitte Insights. 2
Clark, C., Cluver, M., Fishman, T., & Kunkel, D. (2025). 2025 Higher Education Trends. Deloitte Insights. 2
European Commission. (2024). AI Act: Shaping Europe’s digital future. Brussels: Joint Research Centre. 3
European Commission. (2024). AI Act: Shaping Europe’s digital future. Brussels: Joint Research Centre. 3
Kazemi, S., & Motallebi, M. (2022). Challenges and opportunities of artificial intelligence for transcendent governance in the second step of the revolution. Rahbord Quarterly (Scientific-Research Journal), 31(4), 200–225. [In Persian]
Liebig, L., Güttel, L., Jobin, A., & Katzenbach, C. (2024). Subnational AI policy: Shaping AI in a multi-level governance system. AI & SOCIETY, 39(3), 1477-1490. 4
Liebig, L., Güttel, L., Jobin, A., & Katzenbach, C. (2024). Subnational AI policy: Shaping AI in a multi-level governance system. AI & SOCIETY, 39(3), 1477-1490. 4
Liu, D., & Bates, S. (2025). Generative AI in higher education: Current practices and ways forward. Educational Technology Research. 5
Liu, D., & Bates, S. (2025). Generative AI in higher education: Current practices and ways forward. Educational Technology Research. 5
Molina, E., & Medina, E. (2025). AI Revolution in Higher Education. Washington, DC: World Bank. 6
Molina, E., & Medina, E. (2025). AI Revolution in Higher Education. Washington, DC: World Bank. 6
NITI Aayog. (2023). National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence: #AIforAll. Government of India. 7
NITI Aayog. (2023). National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence: #AIforAll. Government of India. 7
Popa, D. (2024). Multilevel oversight of AI systems in line with the AI Act. European Law Journal. 8
Popa, D. (2024). Multilevel oversight of AI systems in line with the AI Act. European Law Journal. 8
Robles, P., & Mallinson, D. J. (2025). Advancing AI governance with a unified theoretical framework: A systematic review. Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, gvaf013. 9
Robles, P., & Mallinson, D. J. (2025). Advancing AI governance with a unified theoretical framework: A systematic review. Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, gvaf013. 9
Salari, M. (2024). Data governance in artificial intelligence with a special focus on higher education: Challenges and solutions. Journal of Strategic Studies of Cyberspace, 3(2), 120–145. [In Persian]
Singapore Ministry of Education. (2023). AI in Education Ethics Framework. Government of Singapore. 10
Singapore Ministry of Education. (2023). AI in Education Ethics Framework. Government of Singapore. 10
Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution. (2024). The National Artificial Intelligence Document of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Tehran: Secretariat of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution. [In Persian]
Sutedjo, A., Liu, S. P., & Chowdhury, M. (2025). Generative AI in higher education: A cross-institutional study on faculty preparation and resources. Studies in Technology Enhanced Learning, 4(1). 11
Sutedjo, A., Liu, S. P., & Chowdhury, M. (2025). Generative AI in higher education: A cross-institutional study on faculty preparation and resources. Studies in Technology Enhanced Learning, 4(1). 11
Tzimas, T. (2023). Algorithmic Transparency and Explainability under EU Law. European Public Law, 29(3), 385-411. 12
Tzimas, T. (2023). Algorithmic Transparency and Explainability under EU Law. European Public Law, 29(3), 385-411. 12
UNESCO. (2024). AI and education: Guidance for policy-makers. Paris: UNESCO. 13
UNESCO. (2024). AI and education: Guidance for policy-makers. Paris: UNESCO. 13
World Bank Group. (2024). Global Trends in AI Governance. Washington, DC: World Bank. 14
World Bank Group. (2024). Global Trends in AI Governance. Washington, DC: World Bank. 14
Wu, C., Zhang, H., & Carroll, J. M. (2024). AI Governance in Higher Education: Case Studies of Guidance at Big Ten Universities. Future Internet, 16(10), 354. 15
Wu, C., Zhang, H., & Carroll, J. M. (2024). AI Governance in Higher Education: Case Studies of Guidance at Big Ten Universities. Future Internet, 16(10), 354. 15