فصلنامه علمی راهبرد

فصلنامه علمی راهبرد

ارزیابی وضعیت جامعه مدنی ایران در بستر جامعه شبکه‌ای- اطلاعاتی (مطالعه موردی: وضعیت مشارکت سیاسی بر بستر رسانه‌ها و شبکه‌های اجتماعی مجازی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی مقطع دکتری رشته علوم سیاسی گرایش جامعه شناسی سیاسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
2 استاد علوم سیاسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی ، تهران، ایران
10.22034/rahbord.2026.466703.1686
چکیده
این پژوهش با رویکرد فراترکیب کیفی به تحلیل رابطه رسانه‌های اجتماعی مبتنی بر فناوری اینترنت و مشارکت سیاسی در ایران می‌پردازد. سؤال اصلی پژوهش بررسی چگونگی تأثیر رسانه‌های اجتماعی بر مشارکت سیاسی در ایران و تفاوت این تأثیرات در دوره‌های مختلف سیاسی است. برای پاسخ به این سؤال، ۳۵ مقاله علمی-پژوهشی مرتبط با معیار‌های مشخص (انتشار در نشریات معتبر، استفاده از روش‌های تجربی، پوشش دوره زمانی ۱۳۸۰ تا ۱۴۰۲) مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. فرایند تحلیل در سه مرحله انجام شد: کدگذاری اولیه، دسته‌بندی براساس چهار دوره بحرانی (۱۳۸۸، ۱۳۹۶، ۱۳۹۸، ۱۴۰۱) و سنتز ساختاری در چهارچوب مدل «تعامل شبکه-قدرت-اعتماد». یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که رابطه رسانه‌ها و مشارکت سیاسی در ایران دوگانه و زمینه وابسته است: در شرایطی که اعتماد سیاسی نسبتاً بالا است (دوره‌های ۱۳۸۸ و ۱۳۹۶)، رسانه‌ها مشارکت رسمی (رأی‌دهی) را افزایش می‌دهند، درحالی‌که در شرایط کاهش اعتماد سیاسی (دوره‌های ۱۳۹۸ و ۱۴۰۱)، رسانه‌ها عمدتاً به افزایش مشارکت نامتعارف (اعتراضات آنلاین) منجر می‌شوند. یافته‌ها همچنین ادعای «انبساط جامعه مدنی» را به‌چالش کشیده و مفهوم «گذار از نهاد به شبکه» را پیشنهاد می‌دهند که در آن کنش ارتباطی دیجیتال گسترش یافته، اما در وضعیت «تعلیق ساختاری» قرار دارد، یعنی گسترش‌یافته اما ناپایدار، فعال اما بدون تثبیت نهادی. این تعلیق ساختاری ناشی از ضعف سرمایۀ اجتماعی پل‌زن، کاهش اعتماد سیاسی، شکاف دیجیتال طبقاتی و جغرافیایی و ساختار حکمرانی دیجیتال ایران است. مدل «تعامل شبکه-قدرت-اعتماد» به‌عنوان چهارچوب تحلیلی ارائه می‌شود که سه لایه جهانی (جامعه شبکه‌ای کاستلز)، میانی (اقتصاد سیاسی پلتفرم‌ها و حوزه عمومی هابرماس) و بومی (حکمرانی دیجیتال ایران و سرمایۀ اجتماعی پاتنام) را تلفیق می‌کند و نشان می‌دهد که رسانه‌های اجتماعی در ایران متغیری واسط در ساختار قدرت شبکه‌ای هستند که تأثیرات آن‌ها به‌طور کامل تحت تأثیر متغیر‌های ساختاری کلان قرار دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluating the Status of Iranian Civil Society in the Network-Information Society: A Case Study of Political Participation via Social Media and Virtual Networks

نویسندگان English

Reza Layegh 1
gholamreza khajesarvi 2
1 Phd Candidate in Political Science with a specialization in Political Sociology at Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor of Political Science at Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

This study employs a qualitative meta-synthesis approach to analyze the relationship between internet-based social media and political participation in Iran. The research examines how social media influence political participation in Iran and how these influences vary across different political periods. Thirty-five scientific research articles meeting specific criteria (publication in peer-reviewed journals, use of empirical methods, coverage of the period 1380–1402 in the Iranian calendar) were analyzed through a three-stage process: initial coding, categorization based on four political crisis periods (2009, 2017, 2019, 2022), and structural synthesis within the framework of the "network–power–trust interaction" model. Findings reveal that the relationship between social media and political participation in Iran is dualistic and context-dependent. Under conditions of relatively high political trust (periods 2009 and 2017), social media enhance formal participation (voting); however, under conditions of declining political trust (periods 2019 and 2022), social media primarily lead to increased unconventional participation (online protests). The findings also challenge the claim of "civil society expansion" and propose the concept of "transition from institution to network," wherein digital communicative action has expanded but remains in a state of "structural suspension"—expanded yet unstable, active yet without institutional consolidation. This structural suspension stems from weak bridging social capital, declining political trust, class and geographical digital divides, and Iran's digital governance structure. The "network–power–trust interaction" model is presented as an analytical framework that integrates three layers: global (Castells' network society), intermediate (political economy of platforms and Habermas' public sphere), and indigenous (Iran's digital governance and Putnam's social capital). The model demonstrates that social media in Iran function not as automatic engines of democratization nor as mere instruments of political passivity, but as mediating variables within Iran's networked power structure, whose effects are entirely shaped by macro-structural variables.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Social media
Political participation
Meta-synthesis
Digital governance
Political trust
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  • تاریخ دریافت 18 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 30 بهمن 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 29 بهمن 1404