فصلنامه علمی راهبرد

فصلنامه علمی راهبرد

راهبردهای تحقق دیپلماسی علمی از طریق جذب دانشجویان بین‌المللی: تحلیل چالش‌ها و فرصت‌های برنامه هفتم توسعه ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
گروه سیاست علوم و تحقیقات، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران ایران
چکیده
دیپلماسی علم و فناوری به‌عنوان یکی از ابزارهای کلیدی توسعه در قرن حاضر، نقش محوری در پیشبرد اهداف علمی و سیاسی کشورها ایفا می‌کند. جذب دانشجویان بین‌المللی به‌عنوان یکی از محورهای اساسی این حوزه، در برنامه هفتم توسعه ایران با هدف افزایش تعداد دانشجویان خارجی به 320 هزار نفر مورد تأکید قرار گرفته است. این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی چالش‌های اصلی در مسیر تحقق این هدف و ارائه راهبردهای عملیاتی انجام شده است. این مطالعه با رویکرد ترکیبی و برمبنای دو روش اصلی انجام گرفت: اول، مطالعه اسنادی شامل تحلیل برنامه‌های توسعه کشور، قوانین و مقررات مرتبط و منابع علمی؛ دوم، پانل خبرگان شامل 15 متخصص از مدیران امور بین‌الملل دانشگاه‌ها، اعضای هیئت‌علمی و کارشناسان وزارت علوم که در 3 جلسه برگزار شد. چهارچوب نظری پژوهش بر نظریه بین‌المللی‌سازی آموزش عالی و دیپلماسی علم و فناوری استوار بود. نتایج نشان داد که وضعیت کنونی با 47400 دانشجوی بین‌المللی، فاصله قابل توجهی تا هدف تعیین شده دارد. چالش‌های اصلی شناسایی شده در سه سطح دسته‌بندی شدند: بین‌المللی (تحریم‌ها، محدودیت‌های مالی و بانکی، مسائل دیپلماتیک)، ملی (عدم هماهنگی نهادی، کمبود منابع مالی، ضعف زیرساخت‌ها) و فروملی (محدودیت‌های دانشگاهی، مسائل آموزشی و فرهنگی). ترکیب جغرافیایی دانشجویان نشان‌دهنده تمرکز بیش از حد بر کشورهای همسایه است که 8/63 درصد آن‌ها متعلق به عراق هستند. دستیابی به هدف 320 هزار دانشجوی بین‌المللی مستلزم اتخاذ راهبرد جامع و چندسطحی است که شامل اصلاحات قانونی، توسعه زیرساخت‌ها، بهبود خدمات دانشجویی، تقویت بازاریابی بین‌المللی و ایجاد هماهنگی بین‌نهادی است. پیشنهاد می‌شود برنامه‌ریزی مرحله‌ای با تمرکز بر رفع موانع فوری در کوتاه‌مدت، توسعه ظرفیت‌ها در میان‌مدت و برندسازی در بلندمدت انجام شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Strategic Approaches to Achieving Science Diplomacy through International Student Recruitment: Analyzing Challenges and Opportunities in Iran's Seventh Development Plan

نویسنده English

Maryam Saniejlal
Science and Research Policy Faculty, National Research Institute for Science Policy, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Science and technology diplomacy has emerged as a critical tool for advancing both scientific and political objectives in the twenty-first century. International student recruitment, as a core component of this strategy, has been emphasized in Iran's Seventh Development Plan, which aims to increase the number of foreign students to 320,000. This study investigates the challenges impeding this target and proposes strategic pathways to enhance Iran's international student recruitment. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research combined a documentary analysis of national development plans, relevant legislation, and academic sources with insights from an expert panel of 15 specialists, including university international affairs directors, faculty members, and Ministry of Science experts. The study is grounded in the theoretical frameworks of higher education internationalization and science and technology diplomacy. Findings reveal that the current enrollment of 47,400 international students reflects a substantial gap from the set target. Key challenges operate at three levels: international factors, including sanctions, financial and banking restrictions, and diplomatic constraints; national factors, such as insufficient institutional coordination, limited financial resources, and infrastructure weaknesses; and sub-national factors, including university-specific limitations and educational and cultural barriers. The geographical distribution of students is heavily skewed toward neighboring countries, with 63.8% originating from Iraq. The study concludes that achieving the target requires a comprehensive, multi-level strategy incorporating legal reforms, infrastructure development, enhanced student services, strengthened international marketing, and inter-institutional coordination. A phased approach is recommended, addressing immediate barriers in the short term, developing institutional capacity in the medium term, and consolidating national branding in the long term.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Science and Technology Diplomacy
Internationalization of Higher Education
International Student Recruitment
Seventh Development Plan
Development Strategies
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  • تاریخ دریافت 05 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 26 شهریور 1404