فصلنامه علمی راهبرد

فصلنامه علمی راهبرد

تحریم‌های فناوری و تأثیر آن بر شکاف دیجیتال: رهیافتی تحلیلی به روابط ایران و اتحادیه اروپا (2010-2024)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
استادیار، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
چکیده
تحریم‌های فناوری اتحادیه اروپا علیه ایران از سال ۲۰۱۰ آغاز شد و به تدریج گسترش یافت. تحریم‎های ثانویه ایالات متحده اثر این موضوع را دوچندان کرد. این تحریم‌ها شامل محدودیت در صادرات تجهیزات فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات، نرم‌افزارهای پیشرفته، فناوری‌های دوگانه و دسترسی به خدمات دیجیتال اروپایی می‌شود. این تحریم‌ها پیامدهای گسترده‌ای بر بخش فناوری ایران، دسترسی شهروندان به فناوری‌های نوین و در نهایت تعمیق شکاف دیجیتال داشته است. این پژوهش با طرح این پرسش که تحریم‌های فناوری اتحادیه اروپا چه تأثیرهای بلندمدتی بر توسعه دیجیتال ایران داشته و این پیامدها چگونه بر ساختار روابط آینده ایران-اروپا تأثیر خواهد گذاشت، به تحلیل این معضل پیچیده می‌پردازد. بر اساس فرضیه اصلی پژوهش، تحریم‌های فناوری اروپا علی‌رغم ایجاد شکاف دیجیتال کوتاه‌مدت، در بلندمدت منجر به تقویت خودکفایی فناورانه ایران، شکل‌گیری شبکه‌های فناوری جایگزین با محوریت شرق، و در نهایت کاهش اهرم فشار اروپا بر ایران خواهد شد. از منظر روشی، این پژوهش با بهره‌گیری از روش تحلیل تطبیقی-تاریخی و رویکرد مطالعه موردی، بر پایه نظریه وابستگی پیچیده کوهن و نای، مفهوم قدرت ساختاری سوزان استرنج، و مدل جهش فناورانه که نحوه عبور کشورهای در حال توسعه از مراحل توسعه فناوری را تبیین می‌کند؛ استوار شده است. دستاوردهای مورد انتظار شامل شناسایی الگوهای تطبیق ایران با تحریم‌های فناوری، تحلیل تغییرات ساختاری در زنجیره ارزش فناوری منطقه، پیش‌بینی سناریوهای تعامل فناورانه آینده و ارائه راهکارهای سیاستی برای بهینه‌سازی روابط دوجانبه است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Technology Sanctions and Their Impact on the Digital Divide: An Analytical Approach to Iran-European Union Relations (2010-2024)

نویسنده English

Roxana Niknami
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

The European Union's technology sanctions against Iran began in 2010 and gradually expanded. Secondary sanctions by the United States doubled the impact of these measures. These sanctions encompass restrictions on the export of information and communication technology equipment, advanced software, dual-use technologies, and access to European digital services. This research addresses this complex issue by posing the question: what long-term impacts have EU technology sanctions had on Iran's digital development, and how will these consequences affect the structure of future Iran-Europe relations? Based on the study's main hypothesis, European technology sanctions, despite creating a short-term digital divide, will in the long run lead to the strengthening of Iran's technological self-sufficiency, the formation of alternative technology networks centered on the East, and ultimately a reduction in Europe's leverage over Iran. Methodologically, this research employs comparative-historical analysis and a case study approach, grounded in Keohane and Nye's theory of complex interdependence, Susan Strange's concept of structural power, and the technological leapfrogging model that explains how developing countries navigate stages of technological development. Expected outcomes include identifying Iran's adaptation patterns to technology sanctions, analyzing structural changes in the region's technology value chain, predicting future technological interaction scenarios, and providing policy recommendations for optimizing bilateral relations.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Technology sanctions
Iran-Europe relations
Geotechnology
digital divide
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  • تاریخ دریافت 14 خرداد 1404
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  • تاریخ پذیرش 29 مرداد 1404