فصلنامه علمی راهبرد

فصلنامه علمی راهبرد

تحلیل مقایسه‌ای رویکردهای حکمرانی مناطق تحت حفاظت و روند تکامل حفاظت سیمای سرزمین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
سیده آل محمد 1
رضا امیدی فر 1
سامان یوسفوند 1
مجید رمضانی مهریان 2
1 استادیار دانشکده حکمرانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 استادیار گروه مطالعات محیطی، پژوهشکده تحقیق و توسعه علوم انسانی (سمت)، تهران، ایران.
10.22034/rahbord.2023.417486.1598
چکیده
تأثیر حکمرانی بر پایداری مناطق تحت حفاظت بیش از تأثیر نوع طبقه‌بندی IUCN برای این مناطق است. ضعف بحث میان‌رشته‌ای مانع توسعه تحقیقات و بهبود عملکردها در حکمرانی این مناطق گردیده است. حفاظت سرزمین براساس جهان‌بینی‌های رقیب، گفتمان‌های متناقض و نگرش‌های ناسازگار درباره مناطق تحت حفاظت بسط یافته است؛ که رسیدن به فهم مشترک را دشوار می‌کند. هدف این پژوهش، تبیین تکامل رویکردهای حکمرانی مناطق تحت حفاظت است. روش این پژوهش، مطالعه مروری و تحلیل مقایسه‌ای است. با مرور بیش از 90 مقاله جدید، 45 کلیدواژه مهم گردآوری گردیده و با دو راهبرد (یکی براساس جهان‌بینی‌ها و گفتمان‌ها و دیگری براساس نگرش‌های ارتباط مناطق تحت حفاظت با سیمای سرزمین پیرامونشان) طبقه‌بندی‌شده است. کاوش مقالات مرور شده دو رویکرد اصلی را براساس راهبرد اول نشان می‌دهد: رویکرد منطقه‌گرا (پهنه‌بندی و نقشه‌سازی) و رویکرد فرایندگرا (مشارکت‌مبنا و نظام‌مند). حاصل تلفیق این دو رویکرد نقشه‌سازی مشارکتی است. براساس راهبرد دوم، حکمرانی مناطق تحت حفاظت از جزیره‌سازی، به سمت شبکه‌سازی، سیمای سرزمین و سپس رویکرد سیماهای سرزمین اکولوژیکی- اجتماعی حرکت نموده است. سیماهای سرزمین اکولوژیکی- اجتماعی به دنبال حکمرانی چندوجهی براساس ارزش‌های متعلق به مکان است که از مرزهای مدیریت سنتی فراتر می‌رود. حکمرانی مناطق تحت حفاظت پیوسته مدل‌های پیشرفته‌تری را شکل‌داده است. همچنین همواره تمایل به پوشش‌دادن کاستی‌ها، نارسایی‌ها و محدودیت‌های اثربخشی خود داشته است. اولویت‌های تحقیقاتی آینده به‌سوی مدیریت یکپارچه سیمای سرزمین، توانمندسازی مدیران، پشتیبانی معیشت‌های پایدار، بسترسازی مشارکت جوامع محلی و استفاده از ابتکارات آن‌ها است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
منطقه‌گرا
فرایندگرا
جوامع محلی
سیماهای سرزمین اکولوژیکی- اجتماعی
حکمرانی

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Comparative Analysis of Approaches to Protected Area Governance and the Evolution Process of Landscape Conservation

نویسندگان English

Sayedeh Alemohammad 1
Reza Omidifar 1
Saman Yousefvand 1
Majid Ramezani Mehrian 2
1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Governance - University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Human Sciences Research and Development (SAMT), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

The influence of governance on the sustainability of protected areas (PAs) is greater than the influence of the IUCN classification type. The weakness of interdisciplinary discussion has hindered the development of research and the improvement of functions in the governance of these regions. Landscape conservation has developed based on competitive worldviews, conflicting discourses, and inconsistent attitudes about PAs. It makes reaching a common understanding difficult. The purpose of this research is to explain the evolution of PA governance approaches. The method of this research is review and comparative analysis. By reviewing more than 90 new articles, 45 important keywords have been collected and classified with two strategies (one based on worldviews and discourses and the other based on different attitudes about the relationship between PAs and the surrounding landscapes). Exploration in reviewed articles shows two main approaches based on the first strategy. The area-oriented approach (zoning and mapping) and the process-oriented approach (participationary and systematic). The result of combining these approaches is participatory mapping. Based on the second strategy, PA governance has moved from islandization to networking, the landscape approach, and then ecological-social landscapes. The ecological-social landscape seeks multifaceted governance based on the values belonging to places, which transcends the boundaries of traditional management. PA governance has formed more advanced models with continuous progress and has always tended to cover shortcomings, inadequacies, and limitations. The future research priorities are integrated landscape management, empowering managers, supporting sustainable livelihoods, establishing local community participation, and using their initiatives.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Area-Oriented
Process-Oriented
Local Communities
Ecological-Social Landscapes
Governance
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  • تاریخ دریافت 31 شهریور 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 16 آذر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 18 شهریور 1402