بررسی جایگاه محیط‌زیست در ابزارهای حکمرانی ایران

سلیمانی روزبهانی, محسن; دانه کار, افشین; باقری, علی

doi:10.22034/rahbord.2023.423943.1614

بررسی جایگاه محیط‌زیست در ابزارهای حکمرانی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

محسن سلیمانی روزبهانی ¹

افشین دانه کار ²

علی باقری ³

¹ دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

² استاد، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

³ دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

10.22034/rahbord.2023.423943.1614

چکیده

درک صحیحی از شیوه جاری حکمرانی در ارتباط با موضوع محیط‌زیست و مدیریت پایدار سرزمین می‌تواند بستر مناسبی را برای بهبود حکمرانی درراه توسعه بلندمدت کشورها بخصوص کشورهای درحال‌توسعه که طبیعت و محیط‌زیست انسانی آن‌ها به دلیل توسعه ناپایدار در معرض خطر می‌باشد، ارائه دهد. در این مقاله تلاش شده است تا مفاهیم پایه مرتبط با حکمرانی بر اساس مثلث حکمرانی و ارتباط سه رکن اصلی حکومت، بازار و جامعه مدنی و همچنین روند تکاملی آن در سطح ملی و بین‌المللی به‌ویژه در ارتباط با رویکردهایی نظیر حکمرانی خوب تبیین شود. ازآنجایی‌که هر سیستم حکمرانی برای هدایت و راهبری جامعه، از ابزارهای مشخصی برای پیاده‌کردن سیاست‌های خود به‌منظور تغییرهای فردی یا اجتماعی استفاده می‌کند، چهاردسته اصلی ابزارهای حکمرانی با عنوان ابزارهای قانونی (تنظیمی)، اقتصادی (تشویقی/حمایتی)، ارتباطی (آگاهی‌رسانی) و زیرساختی مبنای بررسی جایگاه محیط‌زیست در سازوکارهای حکمرانی ایران قرار گرفتند تا ارتباط حکمرانی و محیط‌زیست به‌صورت نظام‌مند تحلیل شود. از بین چهار ابزار مطرح‌شده، موضوع محیط‌زیست تنها در بخش ابزار قانونی در حد مناسبی موردتوجه قرارگرفته است؛ اما این قوانین و سیاست‌ها به شکل مطلوبی حمایت سایر ابزارهای حکمرانی را به همراه نداشته و فرصت اجرایی شدن را پیدا نکرده‌اند و چه‌بسا سایر ابزارهای حکمرانی به‌ویژه ابزارهای اقتصادی و زیرساختی در جهت تخریب محیط‌زیست به کار گرفته‌شده‌اند. به همین دلیل به نظر می‌رسد جایگاه محیط‌زیست در ابزارهای حکمرانی ایران نیاز به بازنگری جدی داشته باشد و با توجه به تشدید روزافزون بحران‌های تهدیدکننده جوامع بشری نظیر تغییر اقلیم و بلایای طبیعی در سطح‌های ملی و بین‌المللی، توسعه چهارچوب جدیدی از حکمرانی که ملاحظات محیط‌زیستی در همه ارکان آن به رسمیت شناخته شود، امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

ابزارهای حکمرانی

توسعه پایدار

محیط‌زیست و طبیعت

حکمرانی طبیعت‌محور

در‌هم‌تنیدگی سیستم‌های طبیعی و اجتماعی

گفتمان

20.1001.1.10283102.1402.32.2.3.4

موضوعات

حکمرانی و برنامه‌های توسعه

عنوان مقاله English

A Review of Environmental Priorities in Iran's Governance Instruments

نویسندگان English

Mohsen Soleymani Roozbahani ¹

Mohsen Soleymani Roozbahani ²

Ali Bagheri ³

¹ Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Environment, Natural Resources of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

² Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

³ Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده English

A comprehensive understanding of the governance mechanisms in relation to the environment and sustainable management of natural resources at the state level can provide a practical platform for improving governance in the long-term development of countries, especially developing countries where natural resources and the human environment are at risk due to unsustainable development. In this article, after defining the basic concepts related to governance based on the governance triangle and the relation among state, market, and civil society and its evolutionary process at the national and international level, the historical trend of governance in Iran is reviewed in relation to the environment and sustainable development. Since every governance system uses certain instruments to implement its policies for the purpose of individual or social changes, the 4 main categories of governance instruments considered as legal (regulatory), economic (incentive), communication (awareness), and infrastructural are the basis for examining the position of the environment in Iran's governance mechanisms to systematically analyze the relationship between governance and environmental protection.Through reviewing the governance instruments in Iran based on a literature review of related articles and national reports, the issue of the environment has been adequately considered only in the legal section, but these laws and policies have not been adequately supported by other governance instruments for being reasonably implemented. Even though other instruments, specifically economic and infrastructure instruments, are being used in favor of environmental destruction, given the escalating crises, including climate change and natural disasters, posing significant threats to societies both nationally and globally, it becomes imperative to reevaluate the role of the environment within Iran's governance tools. In light of these challenges, there is a compelling need to develop a new governance framework that inherently acknowledges environmental considerations across all its facets.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Governance Instruments

Sustainable Development

Environment

Nature Oriented Governance

Iran

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