فصلنامه علمی راهبرد

فصلنامه علمی راهبرد

بررسی راهبردی نفوذ آمریکا و اروپا در ایران با هدف ایجاد تغییر اجتماعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
دانشیار و عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه عالی دفاع ملی، تهران، ایران
10.22034/rahbord.2025.541748.1849
چکیده
موضوعی که این مقاله درصدد پرداختن به آن است، نفوذ آمریکا و اروپا با هدف ایجاد تغییر اجتماعی در کشور است. در شرایط کنونی که آمریکا و اروپا نتوانسته‌اند از طرح‌های خود مانند تحریم‌ها و اغتشاشات، نتیجه‌ای ملموس را به دست آورند در پیِ ضربه زدن و تهی کردن درون‌مایه انقلاب و نظام اسلامی از طریق راهبری پروژه نفوذ هستند. هدف این تحقیق، تبیین تلاش آمریکا و غرب برای اجرای نفوذ در ج.ا. ایران با استفاده از ایجاد تغییر اجتماعی است. روش تحقیق این مقاله، توصیفی، نوع تحقیق براساس هدف، توسعه‌ای با رویکرد کیفی و روش گردآوری داده‌ها، اسنادی- کتابخانه‌ای و با بهره‌گیری از ابزار مصاحبه انجام شده است. همچنین برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات نیز از روش تحلیل مضمون و نرم‌افزار MAXQDA استفاده شده است. تلاش محقق پس از کدگذاری متون مصاحبه‌های انجام‌شده منجر به شناسایی 1 مضمون فراگیر، 6 مضمون پایه‌ای و 30 مضمون سازمان‌دهنده گردید. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهد راهبردهای آمریکا و اروپا در نفوذ به ایران از طریق تغییرات اجتماعی بر توسعه ظرفیت‌های فرهنگی و اجتماعی و آموزش‌های جهانی متمرکز بوده است. استفاده از مفهوم شهروند جهانی به‌عنوان ابزار نفوذ توسط کشورهای غربی در ایران از طریق سفارتخانه‌ها، مؤسسات فرهنگی و برنامه‌های آموزشی هنری، به‌ویژه از طریق دیپلماسی عمومی و دیپلماسی دیجیتال، از مهم‌ترین راهبردهای نفوذ نرم در ایران در سال‌های اخیر بوده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Strategic Analysis of American and European Influence in Iran with the Aim of Creating Social Change

نویسنده English

mahmoud asgari
Associate Professor and Faculty Member at the Supreme National Defense University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

The subject of this article is the influence exerted by the United States and Europe with the aim of creating social change in Iran. In the current context, where the U.S. and Europe have failed to achieve tangible outcomes through strategies such as sanctions and inciting unrest, they are pursuing efforts to undermine and hollow out the core values of the Islamic Revolution and the Islamic Republic through the strategic implementation of infiltration projects. The aim of this research is to explain the efforts of the U.S. and the West to infiltrate the Islamic Republic of Iran through the mechanism of social change. The research method is descriptive; the research type is developmental in terms of purpose, employing a qualitative approach. Data collection methods include both documentary-library research and interviews. For data analysis, thematic analysis and MAXQDA software were utilized. After coding the interview transcripts, the researcher identified one overarching theme, six basic themes, and thirty organizing themes. The findings indicate that the strategies of the U.S. and Europe for infiltrating Iran via social changes have focused on developing cultural and social capacities and promoting globalized education. The use of the concept of the "global citizen" as an infiltration tool by Western countries—through embassies, cultural institutions, and artistic and educational programs, particularly via public and digital diplomacy—has emerged as one of the main soft power strategies used in Iran in recent years.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

"United States"
"strategic analysis"
"social change"
"I.R. Iran"
"soft influence"
Access Microscholarship Program. (2020). U.S. Department of State.
Ahmadian, Ali Akbar. (2015). “Theory of Influence; Explaining the Nature of Influence Types and Their Relationship with the Four-Spectrum Threat System”. Quarterly Journal of Security Horizons. Year 8 (3). Issue 28.
Anderson, Lisa. (2011). The Arab Uprisings: The Unfinished Revolutions of the New Middle East. New York: Public Affairs
Asgard, Ramin. Slavin, Barbara. (2013). US-Iran Cultural Engagement: A Cost-Effective Boon to US National Security. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/169106/us_iran_cultural_engagement.pdf
Askari, Mahmoud. (2019). “An Approach to Social Unrest in the Islamic Republic of Iran from the Perspective of the Supreme Leader (Supreme Leader)”. Quarterly Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Strategic Knowledge. Year 10 (3). Issue 40. 318-279.
Baker, C. R. (2011). "Regime Change and its Consequences". International Politics. 48 (4). 418-435.
Barzegar, Kayhan. (2006). “Role Conflict: Examining the Roots of the Iran-US Conflict after the September 11 Incidents”. Quarterly Journal of Strategy. Year 14 (1). Issue 39.
Bayat, Asef. (2010). Life as Politics: How Ordinary People Change the Middle East. Stanford University Press.
Beheshtipour, H. (2021). "The role of media and cultural diplomacy in Iranian society". Global Media Studies Journal.
Bowden, B. (2003). The perils of global citizenship. Citizenship Studies. 7(3). 349-362
Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development. CA: Sage.
Carothers, T. (2002). "The End of the Transition Paradigm". Journal of Democracy. 13(1), 5-21.
Cull, N. J. (2009). Public Diplomacy: Lessons from the Past. Figueroa Press
Cultural Diplomacy and the Role of Art in Foreign Policy. (2017). U.S. State Department.
Diamond, L. (1999). Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Ehsani, K. (2021). "The role of NGOs in promoting human rights in Iran". Global Governance Review.
Ehteshami, A. (2017). "The impact of Western sanctions on Iranian civil society". International Politics.
Fitzpatrick, Sheila. (2008). The Russian Revolution. OUP Oxford.
Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. University of California Press.
Hakakian, R. (2017). "The role of diaspora in influencing social movements in Iran". International Journal of Iranian Studies.
Heydarian, J. (2018). "Cultural programs and the Western agenda in Iran: A critical review". Middle East Journal.
Hunt, Lynn. (2007). The French Revolution and Human Rights. Bedford/St. Martin's.
Ikenberry, G. J. (2002). American Foreign Policy: Theoretical Debates. Palgrave Macmillan.
Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2005). Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence. Cambridge University Press.
Jahanbegloo, R. (2019). "Western cultural diplomacy and its impact on Iranian society". Cultural Diplomacy Journal.
Kadiyor, M. A. (2018). "Cultural policy: Western influence on Iran’s educational system". Iranian Studies Journal.
Kazemi, Farhad. Norton, Augustus Richard. (1995)."Conclusion: Civil Society and Political Reform in the Middle East". In: Toward Civil Society in the Middle East?: A Primer. edited by Jillian Schwedler, Boulder, USA: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1995, pp. 85-88.
King, Martin Luther Jr. (1958). Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story. New York: Harper & Row Publishers
Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development. (2019). Rethinking schooling for the 21st century: the state of education for peace, sustainable development and global citizenship in Asia. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000260568
Massaro, V. R. (2022). "Global citizenship development in higher education institutions: A systematic review of the literature". Journal of Global Education and Research. 6(1), 98-114
Meera, K.P. Jumana. M. K. (2015). "Empowering Women through Education". International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention.
Meisner, Maurice. (2007). Mao's China and After: A History of the People's Republic. Free Press.
Mittelhammer, Barbara. Sepehri Far, Tara. Tahmasebi, Sussan. (2023). Rethinking the EU’s Approach to Women’s Rights in Iran. https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2023/04/rethinking-the-eus-approach-to-womens-rights-in-iran?lang=en&center=europe
Moghadam, Valentine M. (2018). Gender and Social Change in the Middle East. Lynne Rienner
Moshaikhi, M. (2020). "Western influence on Iranian youth: A study of soft power strategies". Global Policy Review.
Nye, J. S. (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. Public Affairs.
Nye, J. S. (2008). The Powers to Lead. Oxford University Press.
Nye, Joseph. (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York, Public Affairs
OECD, (2018). The future of education and skills Education 2030, Director for Education and Skills, available at: https://www.oecd.org/education/2030/E2030%20Position%20Paper%20(05.04.2018).pdf
Paraselti, A. (2020). "Soft power and Iranian youth: Western influence in post-revolution Iran". Middle East Politics.
Public Diplomacy and Global Citizen Programs. (2019). U.S. Department of State.
Robinson, P. (2008). "The Policy of Intervention: International Law and U.S. Foreign Policy". Journal of International Affairs. 61(2). 45-63.
Roche, G. (2012). Social Changes. Translated by Mansour Vosoughi. Tehran: Ney Publishing.
Rouhani, Hassan. (2011). "Family Capital, the Foundation Stone of Social Capital." Strategy Quarterly. Year 19 (2). Serial No. 59. pp. 46-7.
Sadeghi, S. (2020). "Education as a tool for political influence in Iran: A case study of European programs". International Education Journal.
Snyder, David, eds. (2019). The Legacy of J. William Fulbright: Ideology, Power, and Policy. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press. 135-151.
The Role of International Organizations in Promoting Gender Equality. (2017). UN Women.
UNESCO. (2020). Education for sustainable development: a roadmap. UNESCO.
Zaharna, R. S. (2010). Battles to Bridges: U.S. Strategic Communication and Public Diplomacy After 9/11. Palgrave Macmillan.

  • تاریخ دریافت 26 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 22 آذر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 23 آذر 1404