The present study aimed to identify the effects of Iran's political culture on the formation and development of civil society through a survey method using the SWOT model. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire containing items measuring the weaknesses and threats in the political culture of contemporary Iranian society. The statistical population includes the secretaries-general of political parties licensed by the Ministry of Interior of the Islamic Republic of Iran, whose number in 1400 was 126 parties. Using systematic random sampling, 92 people were selected as the research sample. The research data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. According to the results of the research, the most important weaknesses include: the prevalence of lying among the people, the lack of full respect for citizens' rights by the rulers, the prevalence of authoritarianism and tyranny in the behavior of managers, the people's habit of being relationship-oriented instead of being rule-oriented, the tendency to maintain distance from power among the people, the spirit of flattery among the people, and the most important threats to the development of civil society include the existence of political corruption, intolerance of the opinions of political opponents, the people's political distrust of the rulers, the existence of an authoritarian spirit among the rulers, the prevalence of a spirit of monopolization in power among the people and the rulers, and the prevalence of luxury and consumerism among the people.