فصلنامه علمی راهبرد

فصلنامه علمی راهبرد

مطالعه نقاط ضعف‌ و تهدیدهای توسعه جامعه مدنی در فرهنگ سیاسی ایران معاصر از دیدگاه کنشگران سیاسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری جامعه‌شناسی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران، ایران.
2 دکتری جامعه‌شناسی، استادیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریز، ایران.
3 دکتری جامعه‌شناسی، دانشیار گروه علوم اجتماعی، واحد تهران غرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران، ایران.
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی تأثیرات فرهنگ سیاسی ایران بر شکل‌گیری جامعه مدنی از دوره مشروطه تا امروز بوده و از روش پیمایشی با استفاده از مدل SWOT جهت سنجش نگرش‌ کنشگران سیاسی نسبت به موانع، ضعف‌ها و تهدیدهای فرهنگ سیاسی ایران معاصر در راستای شکل‌گیری و قوام جامعه مدنی انجام شده است. گردآوری داده‌ها با پرسش‌نامه محقق‌ساخته حاوی گویه‌های سنجش نقاط ضعف و تهدیدهای فرهنگ سیاسی جامعه ایران معاصر که از منابع و متون نظری و پیشینه تجربی موضوع و نیز از مصاحبه با کنشگران سیاسی احصا شد، استفاده گردید. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل دبیران کل و اعضای شورای مرکزی احزاب و تشکل‌های سیاسی دارای مجوز فعالیت از وزارت کشور هستند که براساس اعلام این نهاد، تعداد آن‌ها در سال 1400 تعداد احزاب شامل 126 حزب و تعداد نمونه آماری شامل 92 نفر بوده است. از نمونه‌گیری تصادفی سیستماتیک جهت انتخاب اعضای نمونه آماری استفاده گردید. تحلیل داده‌ها با مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری انجام شد. براساس نتایج پژوهش، مهم‌ترین ضعف‌های توسعه جامعه مدنی، رواج دروغ‌گویی در میان مردم، عدم رعایت کامل حقوق شهروندی توسط حاکمان، رواج آمریت و استبداد در رفتار مدیران، خوگرفتن مردم به رابطه‌مداری به‌جای ضابطه مداری، تمایل به حفظ فاصله با قدرت در میان مردم، برخورداری از روحیه چاپلوسی در مردم است و مهم‌ترین تهدیدهای توسعه جامعه مدنی، وجود فساد سیاسی، عدم تحمل نظرات مخالفان سیاسی، بی‌اعتمادی سیاسی مردم به حاکمان، برخورداری از روحیه اقتدارگرایی حاکمان، رواج روحیه انحصارطلبی در قدرت در میان مردم و حاکمان، رواج تجمل‌پرستی و مصرف‌گرایی در میان مردم است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the Weaknesses and Threats to the Development of Civil Society in Iran's Contemporary Political Culture from the Perspective of Political Activists

نویسندگان English

Amir Teimouri 1
Davood Ebrahimpoor 2
Soroush Fathi 3
1 PhD student in Sociology, Department of Social Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD in Sociology, Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Iran.
3 PhD in Sociology, Associate Professor, Department of Social Sciences, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of Iran's political culture on the formation of civil society from the Qajar period and the constitutional movement to the present day. The study employs a survey method using the SWOT model to measure the attitudes of political actors toward the obstacles, weaknesses, and threats within contemporary Iranian political culture that hinder the formation and consolidation of civil society. To collect data, a researcher-designed questionnaire was used, containing items to assess the weaknesses and threats in the political culture of contemporary Iranian society. The questionnaire was developed based on theoretical texts, empirical studies, and interviews with political activists. The statistical population included general secretaries and members of the central councils of political parties and organizations licensed by the Ministry of Interior of the Islamic Republic of Iran. According to the Ministry's announcement in 1400, there were 126 registered parties, and the statistical sample comprised 92 individuals, selected via systematic random sampling. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the research data. The results indicate that the most significant weaknesses in the development of civil society include: the prevalence of lying among the public; failure of rulers to fully respect citizens’ rights; the prevalence of tyranny in the behavior of managers; a preference for relationship-oriented over rule-oriented behavior; public detachment from political power; and the widespread presence of flattery among the populace. The most important threats to civil society include: political corruption; intolerance toward the opinions of political opponents; public distrust of rulers; the persistence of authoritarian tendencies among leaders; monopolistic attitudes among both rulers and citizens; and the widespread prevalence of luxury and consumerism.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Obstacles of Political Culture
Obstacles to Civil Society
Contemporary Iran
Threats within Political Culture
-        Abedi Ardakani, M. (2014). Political underdevelopment from the perspective of elite political culture in Iran (1989–2005). Pazhooheshname-ye Oloum-e Siasi, 9(4), 133–169. [In Persian]
-        Ahmadi, H. (1997). Majmue-ye maqalat-e tahaghogh-e jame'e madani dar enqelab-e eslami [Collection of articles on the realization of civil society in the Islamic Revolution]. Tehran: Sazman-e Madarek-e Farhangi Enqelab-e Eslami. [In Persian]
-        Ahmadi, H. (2022). An institutional analysis of the politicization of Iranian society. Rahbord Quarterly, 31, 311–346. [In Persian]
-        Alam, M. R. (2003). Historical obstacles to establishing civil society in contemporary Iran with emphasis on elite inefficiency. Pazhooheshname-ye Oloum-e Ensani, Shahid Beheshti University, 38. [In Persian]
-        Anvari, M. R., Rahmanzadeh, S. A., Tajeddin, M. B., & Torbati, S. (2019). Social and cultural activities of intellectuals in virtual social networks and their impact on students' political culture. Farhangi VA Ertebatat Studies, 15(55), 179–206. [In Persian]
-        Bashirieh, H. (2003). Aql dar siyasat: Si-o-panj goftar dar falsafeh, jame'shenasi VA tose'eh-ye siyasat [Reason in politics: 35 essays on philosophy, sociology, and political development]. Tehran: Negah-e Mo'aser. [In Persian]
-        Chelabi, M., & Azimi, G. (2008). A comparative-historical study of the relationship between political structure and economic development (Iran, China, Japan 1800–1920). Iranian Journal of Sociology, 8(1), 3–51. [In Persian]
-        Emamjomehzadeh, S. J. (2013). Formation of civil society in Libya after Gaddafi: Necessities, obstacles, and strategies. Rahbord Quarterly, 22, 45–72. [In Persian]
-        George, S. (2017). Singapore, incomplete: Reflections on political development. Singapore: NUS Press.
-      George, Stephen. (2017). Singapore, incomplete: Reflections on political development. Singapore: NUS Press.
-        Jalali Rad, M. S., & Sepahrnia, R. (2017). Indicators of political culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran at the macro level from the perspective of elites. Strategic Studies of Public Policy Quarterly, 7(23). [In Persian]
-        Kalij, A. A., & Haghighi, A. M. (2019). The role of executive elites' political culture with a developmental approach in the Islamic Republic of Iran. New Perspectives in Human Geography, 12(1), 363–384. [In Persian]
-        Kathem, R. (2006). Nationalism in Iran (A. Tadayyon, Trans.). Tehran: Kavir. [In Persian]
-        Kirby, A. (2012). Political participation and political culture in post-communist societies. European Political Science Review, 4(2), 211–230.
-      Kirby, Andrew. (2012). Political participation and political culture in post-communist societies. European Political Science Review, 4(2), 211–230. https://doi.org/10.1017/S175577391100023X
-        Mehregan, F., Fagihi, A., & Mirsepassi, N. (2018). The role of political participation and democratic systems in shaping political culture. Public Policy in Management, 9(30), 1–19. [In Persian]
-        Rabani, A., & Shayganfard, F. (2010). Iranian political culture and its components. Siasat Quarterly, 40(4), 123–141. [In Persian]
-        Raley, J., & Quiller, B. (2010). Comparing political, cultural, and economic indicators of information access in Arab and non-Arab countries. Government Information Quarterly, 27(3), 245–253.
-      Raley, James, & Quiller, Brian. (2010). Comparing political, cultural, and economic indicators of information access in Arab and non-Arab countries. Government Information Quarterly, 27(3), 245–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.01.003
-        Sabeti, M., Vosoughi, M., & Mohseni Tabrizi, A. (2018). Barriers to party system formation in Iran's social development and political culture between the Constitutional and Islamic revolutions. Iranian Journal of Social Development Studies, 10(4), 37–49. [In Persian]
-        Sadeghi, S. Sh., & Qanbari, L. (2017). Mass political culture, failed states, and the issue of political development in Iran. Dolat Pazhouhi, 3(11), 123–159. [In Persian]
-        Saee, A., & Karimi, Z. (2012). Analysis of the political culture of reformist and conservative political elites. Iranian Journal of Sociology, 13(4). [In Persian]
-        Saeedi, M., & Shahrakhi, M. (2007). How to promote the culture of martyrdom and the values of martyrs. In Proceedings of the Conference on the Pathology of Promoting the Culture of Sacrifice and Martyrdom, Babolsar. [In Persian]
-        Sajjadi, G., & Maqsoudi, M. (2019). Analysis of the transformation of the political culture of social generations in Sanandaj city. Social Studies and Research in Iran, 9(4), 717–744. [In Persian]
-        Sariolghalam, M. (2010). Farhang-e Siyasi-ye Iran [Iranian political culture]. Tehran: Farzan Publishing. [In Persian]
-        Sharpe, J., & Helvey, R. (2007). Civil society and nonviolent struggle (M. Kalantarzadeh, Trans.). Tehran: Roshangaran VA Motale'at-e Zanan. [In Persian]
-        Taghavi, S. M. N. (2003). Political legitimacy threats in the globalization process. Rahbord Quarterly, 11, 23–49. [In Persian]
-        Tajik, G. (1998). Majmue-ye maqalat-e jame'e madani VA Iran-e emruz [Collection of articles on civil society and contemporary Iran]. Tehran: Naqsh o Negar. [In Persian]
-        Vaezi, A. (2002). Jame'e-ye dini, jame'e-ye madani [Religious society, civil society]. Tehran: Pazhuheshgah-e Farhang VA Andisheh-ye Eslami. [In Persian]
-        Vieira Costa, L. (2018). Political culture and democracy in Brazil and Colombia. Latin American Politics and Society, 60(4), 78–96. [https://doi.org/10.1111/laps.12032](https://doi.org/10.1111/laps.12032)
-      Vieira Costa, Luiza. (2018). Political culture and democracy in Brazil and Colombia. Latin American Politics and Society, 60(4), 78–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/laps.12032
 

  • تاریخ دریافت 20 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 19 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 22 مهر 1404