فصلنامه علمی راهبرد

فصلنامه علمی راهبرد

کارایی تحریم‌های بین‌المللی در پرتو عملکرد رژیم کارگروه ویژه اقدام مالی (FATF)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد روابط بین الملل، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
2 دانشیار روابط بین‌الملل، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
چکیده
تحریم‌های بین‌المللی در رژیم کارگروه ویژه اقدام مالی از ابزارهای تنبیهی صرف به سازوکارهای پیچیده تغییر رفتار دولت‌ها تحول یافته‌اند؛ اما کارایی این نظام با چالش‌های ساختاری مواجه است. هدف این مقاله بررسی سازوکارها و عملکرد کارگروه ویژه اقدام مالی در کارآمدسازی تحریم‌های بین‌المللی است. پرسش محوری آن است که عملکرد کارگروه ویژه اقدام مالی تا چه اندازه بر کارایی تحریم‌های بین‌المللی اثرگذار است؟ این مقاله معتقد است که تبدیل تدریجی توصیه‌ها به الزامات حقوقی ضمن ایجاد مشوق‌ها و تنبیه‌های هدفمند، تغییر رفتار دولت‌ها را ممکن می‌سازد. این پژوهش با روش تحلیل کیفی اسناد کارگروه ویژه اقدام مالی، بانک جهانی و صندوق بین‌المللی پول (۲۰۱۲-۲۰۲۳) و مطالعه موردی ایران و پاکستان به این نتیجه رسیده است که وجود سازوکارهای ترکیبی (تبدیل توصیه‌های چهل‌گانه به قوانین الزام‌آور از طریق هماهنگی با IMF و بانک جهانی) و بهره‌گیری از ابزارهای تنبیهی (فهرست سیاه با پیامدهایی مانند محرومیت ایران از سوئیفت و افزایش ۴۰ درصد هزینه مبادلات) در کنار مشوق‌های اصلاحی توانسته است کارایی تحریم‌ها را افزایش دهند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Effectiveness of International Sanctions in Light of the Performance of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Regime

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Sadegh Monhaser 1
Fariborz Arghavani Pirsalami 2
1 M.A. in International Relations, Political Sciences, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Associate Professor of International Relations, Political Sciences, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده English

International sanctions within the FATF regime have evolved from mere punitive instruments to complex mechanisms aimed at changing the behavior of states; however, the effectiveness of this system faces structural challenges. This article aims to examine the mechanisms and performance of the FATF in enhancing the effectiveness of international sanctions. The central research question is: To what extent does the performance of the FATF influence the effectiveness of international sanctions? This article argues that the gradual transformation of FATF recommendations into legal requirements, accompanied by targeted incentives and penalties, facilitates the modification of state behavior. Using a qualitative analysis of documents from the Financial Action Task Force, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (2012–2023), along with a case study of Iran and Pakistan, this research concludes that the presence of combined mechanisms—including the transformation of the forty FATF recommendations into binding laws through coordination with the IMF and the World Bank—and the use of punitive tools (e.g., blacklisting, Iran's exclusion from SWIFT, and a 40% increase in transaction costs), together with reform incentives, have effectively increased the impact of sanctions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Financial Action Task Force
International Sanctions
International Regime
Global Financial Governance
International Economic Law
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  • تاریخ دریافت 20 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 28 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 09 مهر 1404