- Aldrich, J. H., (2011). Why parties? A second look. University of Chicago Press.
- Huntington, S. P., (2006). Political order in changing societies. Yale University Press.
- Lijphart, A., (2012). Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. Yale University Press.
- Sartori, G., (2016). Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis. Cambridge University Press
- Ware, A., (1995). Political parties and party systems (1st ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Ware, A., (2002). The American direct primary: Party institutionalization and transformation in the North. Cambridge University Press.
- Aldrich, J. H., (2011). Why parties? A second look. University of Chicago Press.
- Ahmadi-Pour, M., & Lal-Alizadeh, M. (2019). Investigating why parties have not become stable socio-political institutions in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In Fifth National Conference on Law (Transformations of civil liabilities in the legal system). Retrieved from 20.1001.1.26765314.1399.1.3.3.1 [Persian]
- Akhavan-Kazemi, B. (2009). Party and partisanship in Islamic thought. Fiqh va Usul (Jurisprudence & Principles), 82 (Spring & Summer), 11–42. https://doi.org/10.22067/fiqh.v0i0.3146 [Persian]
- Akhavan-Kazemi, B. (2017). Causes of the inefficiency of political parties in Iran. Tehran: Center for Islamic Revolution Documents. [Persian]
- Ali-Babaei, D. (2015). An eight-year history of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s presidency: Events of 2005 (Vol. 1). Tehran: Omid-e Farda. [Persian]
- Al-Samadi, F. (2011). Political currents in Iran (Arabic). Doha: Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies (1st ed.). [Arabic]
- Amaei, H., & Rezaei, M. (2019). The impossibility of party governance: Pathologies of the party–electoral system relationship in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Approaches in Political Science and International Relations, 11(1) [Serial 59], 11–31. 10.29252/piaj.2019.99848 [Persian]
- Amirahmadi, H. (2010). Our politicians are politicized in the streets instead of being trained in parties / Iranians have a mindset of dependency. Entekhab. Retrieved from https://www.entekhab.ir/fa/news/21744 [Persian]
- Ashtarian, K., & Qaemi-Asl, B. (2020). A multi-level participatory policymaking model. Journal of Political Studies, 50(2), 423–446. https://dx.doi.org/10.22059/jpq.2020.228004.1007023 [Persian]
- Asna-Ashari, S. (2007). From the reformist state to the Islamic state: An analytical pathology of the transition from the Khatami government to the Ahmadinejad government. Tehran: Ataei. [Persian]
- Ayoubi, H. (2018). The emergence and durability of political parties in the West. Tehran: Soroush. [Persian]
- Bagheri-Dolatabadi, A., & Shafiei-Seyfabadi, M. (2018). From Hashemi to Rouhani: A study of Iran’s foreign policy. Tehran: Tisa Saghar Mehr. [Persian]
- Bashiriyeh, H. (1999). Civil society and political development in Iran: Essays in political sociology. Tehran: Olum-e Novin. [Persian]
- Bashiriyeh, H. (2019). Obstacles to political development in Iran. Tehran: Gam-e No. [Persian]
- Dara, J. (2021). Political parties in the electoral system of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Challenges and solutions. Rahbord (Strategy), 30(2), 363–391. Retrieved from 20.1001.1.10283102.1400.30.2.6.3 [Persian]
- Darabnia, S., Moradi, J., Bakhtiarpour, A., & Karimifard, H. (2022). The relationship between good-governance indicators and human security in Iran: Case study 2013–2021. Social Development, 17(4), 27–78. 10.22055/qjsd.2022.41308.2700 [Persian]
- Feirahi, D. (2021). Jurisprudence and party governance. Tehran: Ney. [Persian]
- Ghaffari Heshjin, Z., & Kakadzfouli, A. (2023). Leader-centered personalities in Iranian political parties before and after the Islamic Revolution. Contemporary Political Studies, 14(1) [No. 47], 51–82. Retrieved from http://noo.rs/RevP3 [Persian]
- Gorji-Azandariani, A.-A., & Mohajeri, M. (2019). A critique of the Guardian Council’s practices. Tehran: Jangal (1st ed.). [Persian]
- Huntington, S. P., (2006). Political order in changing societies. Yale University Press.
- Kaabi, A., & Fattahi Zarfqandi, A. (2015). The role and status of political parties in an Islamic government. Islamic Human Rights Studies, 9, 115–132. Retrieved from http://noo.rs/sLwWn [Persian]
- Kadkhodaei, A. (2019). We don’t have a school for training statesmen / We have neglected cadre-building and parties / I’m optimistic about the country’s future. Guardian Council (News). Retrieved from https://www.shora-gc.ir/fa/news/7050 [Persian]
- Kakadzfouli, A., & Chitforoush, S. (2020). A non-military approach to national security with reference to the 2025 Vision Document. In 3rd International Congress on Innovation and Research in Humanities and Islamic Sciences, Tehran. Retrieved from https://civilica.com/doc/1181473 [Persian]
- Kakejani, A. (2014). Mapping principlism (osul-garayi) in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Tehran: Center for Islamic Revolution Documents. [Persian]
- Karimi, A., Ghaffari Heshjin, Z., & Bahrami, M. (2015). The political functions of the “religious authority (marja‘iyya)” from the Constitutional Revolution to the Islamic Revolution. Islamic Revolution Studies Quarterly, 12(43), 101–120. Retrieved from 20.1001.1.20085834.1394.12.43.6.7 [Persian]
- Lijphart, A., (2012). Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries. Yale University Press.
- Masoudnia, H. (1997). An introduction to the challenges of party-building and its consequences in Iran. Rahbord (Strategy), 11(3), 138–150. Retrieved from 20.1001.1.10283102.1382.11.3.5.5 [Persian]
- Mohammadi, M. (2015). Crisis management in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Political–social crises. Tehran: Ma‘aref. [Persian]
- Mortezavi, G. (2024). The functions of parties in the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Tehran: Ostad Shahriar. [Persian]
- Naqibzadeh, A., & Soleimani, Gh.-A. (2009). Political modernization and the formation of parties in the Islamic Republic of Iran (based on Huntington’s approach). Journal of Politics, 39(4), 347–367 (Art. No. 162692). Retrieved from https://jpq.ut.ac.ir/article_20235.html [Persian]
- Panahi, Z., Moghaddam-Fard, M., Rahimi, R., & Alaee, H. (2022). The public-law perspective on financing political parties in Iran. Political Spatial Planning, 5(1) [Serial 17], 70–77. Retrieved from 20.1001.1.26455145.2023.5.1.6.3 [Persian]
- Qiyasian, S.-B., Nasirzadeh, H., Esmaeili, P., & Givian, A. (2017). Party-building and political participation in the thought of the President: A survey of Dr. Hassan Rouhani’s views. Tehran: Jomhur-e Iran (Center for Presidential Research & Documents). [Persian]
- Razavi, M. (2018). Hashemi and the Revolution: Iran’s political history from the Revolution to the war. Tehran: Ettelaat. [Persian]
- Saei, A. (2021). Post-revolution political elites: A class analysis of elite circulation in Iran. Tehran: Tarbiat Modares University. [Persian]
- Sardarnia, Kh. (2014). A sociological analysis of the non-institutionalization and failure of party-building in Iran from the Constitutional Revolution to today. Historical Research, 6(4). Retrieved from https://jhr.ui.ac.ir/article_16644.html [Persian]
- Sartori, G., (2016). Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis. Cambridge University Press
- Shahsavari-Fard, Sh. (2018). The political culture of the ruling elite (Rafsanjani, Khatami, Ahmadinejad). Pazhuhesh-e Melal, 3rd series(33), 27–53. Retrieved from http://noo.rs/eIWvj [Persian]
- Shirzad, M. (2024). The intervention of security institutions in party affairs has steadily increased. Tosee-ye Irani Newspaper (No. 1711). Retrieved from https://www.toseeirani.ir [Persian]
- Soltani-Laf Shakard, F., Edrisi, A., & Tajoddin, M.-B. (2022). Exploring social violence and social exclusion among Tehran citizens in the context of social ethics: A grounded-theory study. Social Order, 14(3), 126–162. Retrieved from http://noo.rs/za0sd [Persian]
- Suli, M., Nariman, S., Keshishian Sirki, G., & Khodavardi, H. (2024). Party diplomacy and its place in the foreign policymaking of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Contemporary Political Studies. Articles in press; limited access. [Persian]
- Ware, A., (1995). Political parties and party systems (1st ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Ware, A., (2002). The American direct primary: Party institutionalization and transformation in the North. Cambridge University Press.
- Zannouri, A.-S. (2017). The relationship between political culture and the decline of the reform movement in Iran. Tehran: Hekayat Qalam-e Novin. [Persian]
- Zarei, A. (2020). Elite circulation after the Islamic Revolution in Iran. Political Sociology of the Islamic Revolution, 3(3), 71–100. Retrieved from 20.1001.1.26765314.1399.1.3.3.1 [Persian]
