رابطه‌ی بین کاهش ارزش تأخیری در تصمیم گیری بین-زمانی و وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشکده علوم شناختی و مغز، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 دانشکده روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران.

4 دانشکده فیزیک و مهندسی پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در تصمیمات بین-زمانی، پیامدها در زمان‌های مختلفی ارائه ‌می‌شوند. افراد در این تصمیمات پاداش‌های همراه با تأخیر را کم ارزش‌تر از پاداش‌های آنی و فوری ‌می‌دانند. این رفتار با مفهوم کاهش ارزش تأخیری شناخته ‌می‌شود که با مفاهیم تکانشگری و خود کنترلی مرتبط است و از این رو به موضوع مهمی در حوزه‌های مختلف بدل شده است. نرخ کاهش ارزش تأخیری در افراد مختلف مقدار متفاوتی دارد. هدف این پژوهش بررسی رابطه‌ی وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی به همراه ویژگی‌های جمعیت شناختی با کاهش ارزش تأخیری افراد در دوره‌ای از کشور است که نرخ تورم بالایی تجربه ‌می‌شود. بدین منظور از پرسشنامه انتخاب پولی(MCQ) برای سنجش نرخ کاهش ارزش تأخیر افراد استفاده شده است. تحصیلات و درآمد به عنوان شاخص‌های وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی به همراه سن، جنسیت و وضعیت تأهل در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان ‌می‌دهد افرادی با تحصیلات بالاتر کمتر پاداش‌های آینده را بی ارزش ‌می‌دانند و رفتار تکانشی کمتری دارند. با این حال، درآمد رابطه ی معناداری با نرخ کاهش ارزش تأخیری نشان نداد. بالا بودن درآمد در زمینه‌ی تورمی، برخلاف سایر مطالعات با تکانشگری کمتر رابطه ندارد. در کل، وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی با نرخ کاهش ارزش تأخیری رابطه‌ای منفی دارد. در مدل رگرسیون چندگانه، با کنترل جنسیت و وضعیت تأهل، سطح تحصیلات ‌می‌تواند نرخ کاهش ارزش تأخیریِ کمتر را پیش‌بینی کند.
(R2=0.123, Adjusted R2=0.098, F=5.026, p-value=0.003)

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Association between Delay Discounting in Intertemporal Decisions and Socioeconomic Status (SES)

نویسندگان [English]

  • fatemeh eivazi 1
  • javad hatami 2
  • alireza moradi 3
  • mohammadreza nazemzadeh 4
1 Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education; Psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
4 Physics and Biomedical Engineering Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Intertemporal decisions involve outcomes that occur at different points in time. Individuals tend to discount delayed rewards or outcomes. This process is called delay discounting (DD) and is reliably related to subjective self-control or impulsiveness. The delay discount rate differs among individuals. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether the DD rates vary as a function of socioeconomic status (SES) along with demographic variables in a high inflationary macroeconomic context. The present study applied the 27-item delay discounting questionnaire (DDQ) to measure individuals’ DD rates. Education and income level as SES indicators were obtained likewise age, gender, and, marital status. The results revealed that highly educated individuals discount delays to a lesser extent and are less impulsive. There was no significant association between income level and DD rates but totally SES was significantly and negatively associated with delay discounting. There is evidence for women discounting more than men and married subjects discounting more than single ones. In a multiple regression analysis, education can predict fewer discounting behaviors controlling for gender and marital status (R2=0.123, Adjusted R2=0.098, F=5.026, p-value=0.003).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Intertemporal Decisions
  • Delay Discounting
  • Socioeconomic Status (SES)
  • Education
  • Income

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 اردیبهشت 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 07 خرداد 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 07 خرداد 1401

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