A Review of Environmental Priorities in Iran's Governance Instruments

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Environment, Natural Resources of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

A comprehensive understanding of the governance mechanisms in relation to the environment and sustainable management of natural resources at the state level can provide a practical platform for improving governance in the long-term development of countries, especially developing countries where natural resources and the human environment are at risk due to unsustainable development. In this article, after defining the basic concepts related to governance based on the governance triangle and the relation among state, market, and civil society and its evolutionary process at the national and international level, the historical trend of governance in Iran is reviewed in relation to the environment and sustainable development. Since every governance system uses certain instruments to implement its policies for the purpose of individual or social changes, the 4 main categories of governance instruments considered as legal (regulatory), economic (incentive), communication (awareness), and infrastructural are the basis for examining the position of the environment in Iran's governance mechanisms to systematically analyze the relationship between governance and environmental protection.Through reviewing the governance instruments in Iran based on a literature review of related articles and national reports, the issue of the environment has been adequately considered only in the legal section, but these laws and policies have not been adequately supported by other governance instruments for being reasonably implemented. Even though other instruments, specifically economic and infrastructure instruments, are being used in favor of environmental destruction, given the escalating crises, including climate change and natural disasters, posing significant threats to societies both nationally and globally, it becomes imperative to reevaluate the role of the environment within Iran's governance tools. In light of these challenges, there is a compelling need to develop a new governance framework that inherently acknowledges environmental considerations across all its facets.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Strategy
Volume 32, Issue 2 - Serial Number 107
September 2023
Pages 241-272

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History

  • Receive Date: 06 November 2023
  • Revise Date: 10 December 2023
  • Accept Date: 11 September 2023

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