پژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظامStrategy1028-310226420180220Evaluating and Reducing the Discursive Gap between Cultural Organizations and Audiences According to Brain LateralizationEvaluating and Reducing the Discursive Gap between Cultural Organizations and Audiences According to Brain Lateralization124644FAJournal Article19700101Brain lateralization is an interdisciplinary topic and is used in this article to examine the strategic gap between cultural organizations and audiences. The research question is: what is relationship between brain lateralization and the management of cultural organizations? How is the discursive gap between organizations and audiences obtained? And how can this gap be managed to create greater understanding? This is a descriptive/combined study carried out in a credible cultural research institute. In this study, the type and degree of brain lateralization within and outside the organization’s environment (audiences and the organization human resources) are assessed, and the difference between the degree of brain lateralization in the organization and audiences is obtained through comparing the means. Then, a model for discursive gap is designed and the process of understanding creation and management is proposed. According to the study findings, the organization’s external and internal environments have higher right-brain and higher left-brain characteristics, respectively. In this regard, the organization’s management should use a planning strategy within the organization and a task-oriented strategy in its environment. Within the organization, the management should try to attract creative people and to increase the level of creativity by using encouragement and punishment methods and collaborative management practices. Regarding the environment and in order to fill the gap, the management should separate the audiences in the left-brained and right-brained groups based on age and educational needs and predict and plan for suitable products, and finally fill the remaining gap with advertising and appropriate mutual methodsBrain lateralization is an interdisciplinary topic and is used in this article to examine the strategic gap between cultural organizations and audiences. The research question is: what is relationship between brain lateralization and the management of cultural organizations? How is the discursive gap between organizations and audiences obtained? And how can this gap be managed to create greater understanding? This is a descriptive/combined study carried out in a credible cultural research institute. In this study, the type and degree of brain lateralization within and outside the organization’s environment (audiences and the organization human resources) are assessed, and the difference between the degree of brain lateralization in the organization and audiences is obtained through comparing the means. Then, a model for discursive gap is designed and the process of understanding creation and management is proposed. According to the study findings, the organization’s external and internal environments have higher right-brain and higher left-brain characteristics, respectively. In this regard, the organization’s management should use a planning strategy within the organization and a task-oriented strategy in its environment. Within the organization, the management should try to attract creative people and to increase the level of creativity by using encouragement and punishment methods and collaborative management practices. Regarding the environment and in order to fill the gap, the management should separate the audiences in the left-brained and right-brained groups based on age and educational needs and predict and plan for suitable products, and finally fill the remaining gap with advertising and appropriate mutual methodshttps://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124644_5250ac888d949dd89d9a793478eec589.pdfپژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظامStrategy1028-310226420180220Knowledge Based Human Resource Architecture (A Model Based on the Advantage of Networks)Knowledge Based Human Resource Architecture (A Model Based on the Advantage of Networks)124645FAJournal Article19700101The purpose of this study is to examine and explain the network characteristics and the functions of human resource, related to each network by using human resource architecture to boost mutual learning in Sapco Company. The research method is exploratory-descriptive and data collection is based on quantitative studies (questionnaires) that were carried out in three stages. After theoretical studies, in the first stage, the architecture questionnaire was distributed in order to differentiate between managers’ and vice chairpersons, occupations of Sapco Company. After and specifying which occupation is related to which category, the grid questionnaire, designed in terms of density, homogeneity, and trust, was distributed among occupations. Then, human resource functions questionnaire, designed in terms of bonus, performance appraisal and education and development, was distributed among managers and vice-chair persons to determine the appropriate type of human resource function for every type of architecture. The data from quantitative studies (questionnaires) were analyzed by inferential analysis and by using a single-sample t-test (t-student). The results of this research point to the fact that knowledge-based occupations have a moderate density and homogeneity, but enjoy high-level internal and external trust. Occupations categorized in the type of occupational-oriented architecture have a high density, homogeneity and in-group trust. Ultimately, there was a high degree of heterogeneity between staff according to the type of allies, low density and low level of coordination, and high degree of out-group trust. By identifying the characteristics of each type of architecture, managers can better do the planning for their employees. It was also found that in the various types of networks, human resource functions should be developed to enhance bilateralism in the organization.The purpose of this study is to examine and explain the network characteristics and the functions of human resource, related to each network by using human resource architecture to boost mutual learning in Sapco Company. The research method is exploratory-descriptive and data collection is based on quantitative studies (questionnaires) that were carried out in three stages. After theoretical studies, in the first stage, the architecture questionnaire was distributed in order to differentiate between managers’ and vice chairpersons, occupations of Sapco Company. After and specifying which occupation is related to which category, the grid questionnaire, designed in terms of density, homogeneity, and trust, was distributed among occupations. Then, human resource functions questionnaire, designed in terms of bonus, performance appraisal and education and development, was distributed among managers and vice-chair persons to determine the appropriate type of human resource function for every type of architecture. The data from quantitative studies (questionnaires) were analyzed by inferential analysis and by using a single-sample t-test (t-student). The results of this research point to the fact that knowledge-based occupations have a moderate density and homogeneity, but enjoy high-level internal and external trust. Occupations categorized in the type of occupational-oriented architecture have a high density, homogeneity and in-group trust. Ultimately, there was a high degree of heterogeneity between staff according to the type of allies, low density and low level of coordination, and high degree of out-group trust. By identifying the characteristics of each type of architecture, managers can better do the planning for their employees. It was also found that in the various types of networks, human resource functions should be developed to enhance bilateralism in the organization.https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124645_5d5eb807be8789f7d7698a1223cfd1a7.pdfپژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظامStrategy1028-310226420180220A Search for Good Governance: Towards the Sustainable Governance ModelA Search for Good Governance: Towards the Sustainable Governance Model124646FAJournal Article19700101The issue of good governance was first introduced by the World Bank at the end of 1990s. After unsuccessful implementation of economic adjustments policies or the Washington Consensus in some countries, the World Bank concluded that since governments in those countries lack necessary conditions, they are unable to act successfully in implementing the recommendations of this Bank and freeing the prices. It is in fact the first stage of formation and emergence of good governance thought. It must be noted that the good governance paradigm has changed into the dominant paradigm in the development thoughts. Considering the subject of governance in the development issues has been due to a series of factors such as failure in previous development plans, expansion of attention to the institutions in the economic, social, and political analyses, knowledge on the importance of political factors in developing the countries, economists’ conclusion on the failure of some neoclassical assumptions and some other factors such as the fall of communism. However, this strategy too, like other international organization’s plans has been associated with shortages; so far several criticisms have been put forward. This article studies the different dimensions of good governance, explains criticisms of it as well as its shortages and introduces a substitute solution. The alternative solution in this article is sustained governance model. For this reason, the main question of this article is: “What are the deficits in good governance model and which model could replace it”. The hypothesis of this article includes: good governance has been introduced by the World Bank as a method for achieving development; however, different countries are facing challenges and shortcomings in its implementation; the source of good governance is economy and economic development; sustained governance could be discussed as a model to overcome the shortages of good governance; and the model is formed by the combination of the development paradigm as a brain tool; and good governance as an approach to make governance operational. The research methodology is descriptive- analytical method and the method used in data collection is literature review. The theoretical framework of this research is good governanceThe issue of good governance was first introduced by the World Bank at the end of 1990s. After unsuccessful implementation of economic adjustments policies or the Washington Consensus in some countries, the World Bank concluded that since governments in those countries lack necessary conditions, they are unable to act successfully in implementing the recommendations of this Bank and freeing the prices. It is in fact the first stage of formation and emergence of good governance thought. It must be noted that the good governance paradigm has changed into the dominant paradigm in the development thoughts. Considering the subject of governance in the development issues has been due to a series of factors such as failure in previous development plans, expansion of attention to the institutions in the economic, social, and political analyses, knowledge on the importance of political factors in developing the countries, economists’ conclusion on the failure of some neoclassical assumptions and some other factors such as the fall of communism. However, this strategy too, like other international organization’s plans has been associated with shortages; so far several criticisms have been put forward. This article studies the different dimensions of good governance, explains criticisms of it as well as its shortages and introduces a substitute solution. The alternative solution in this article is sustained governance model. For this reason, the main question of this article is: “What are the deficits in good governance model and which model could replace it”. The hypothesis of this article includes: good governance has been introduced by the World Bank as a method for achieving development; however, different countries are facing challenges and shortcomings in its implementation; the source of good governance is economy and economic development; sustained governance could be discussed as a model to overcome the shortages of good governance; and the model is formed by the combination of the development paradigm as a brain tool; and good governance as an approach to make governance operational. The research methodology is descriptive- analytical method and the method used in data collection is literature review. The theoretical framework of this research is good governancehttps://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124646_30ac2d90952e911c45540e35a736c16e.pdfپژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظامStrategy1028-310226420180220Explaining Relationship Between Effective Environmental Factors and Cultural Strategic PlanningExplaining Relationship Between Effective Environmental Factors and Cultural Strategic Planning124647FAJournal Article19700101Ever-increasing speed of changes in various areas, new knowledge and skills, ever-increasing contacts between culture and expanding communication networks in the field of culture and thought have made new challenges and opportunities at the national and international levels, thus, finding economic, political and cultural laws regarding this phenomenon has been considered by governments. Governments should pay attention to the formation of a new kind of worldwide society in the framework of general strategies and politics. The governing system needs cultural strategic planning in order to protect, spread and exchange the society’s culture. Along with the development of this planning, it is important to pay attention to effective environmental factors, because in case of not recognizing and distinguishing environmental factors properly, problems will be appeared in performing and executing programs. In this article, effective environmental factors on cultural strategic planning have been considered in three branches of economical, political and technological factors. This article is extracted from a research that is based on gathering data from questionnaires which were filled in by managers, experts and specialists of Islamic Propaganda Organization, High Council of Cultural Revolution and Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. This article includes a main hypothesis and three sub-hypotheses. The results of statistical analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between effective environmental factors and cultural strategic planning. Then, economic, political and technological factors were ranked and at the end, the analytical research model was tested and analyzed in Lisrel Software and the model was confirmed.Ever-increasing speed of changes in various areas, new knowledge and skills, ever-increasing contacts between culture and expanding communication networks in the field of culture and thought have made new challenges and opportunities at the national and international levels, thus, finding economic, political and cultural laws regarding this phenomenon has been considered by governments. Governments should pay attention to the formation of a new kind of worldwide society in the framework of general strategies and politics. The governing system needs cultural strategic planning in order to protect, spread and exchange the society’s culture. Along with the development of this planning, it is important to pay attention to effective environmental factors, because in case of not recognizing and distinguishing environmental factors properly, problems will be appeared in performing and executing programs. In this article, effective environmental factors on cultural strategic planning have been considered in three branches of economical, political and technological factors. This article is extracted from a research that is based on gathering data from questionnaires which were filled in by managers, experts and specialists of Islamic Propaganda Organization, High Council of Cultural Revolution and Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. This article includes a main hypothesis and three sub-hypotheses. The results of statistical analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between effective environmental factors and cultural strategic planning. Then, economic, political and technological factors were ranked and at the end, the analytical research model was tested and analyzed in Lisrel Software and the model was confirmed.https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124647_556f4f3889df8af608adff47e8e9beb4.pdfپژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظامStrategy1028-310226420180220Prioritization of Developing Nuclear Technology Applications in Iran by Using TOPSIS Approach (Case Study: Sub-sectors of Agriculture, Industry and Medicine)Prioritization of Developing Nuclear Technology Applications in Iran by Using TOPSIS Approach (Case Study: Sub-sectors of Agriculture, Industry and Medicine)124648FAJournal Article19700101Due to financal and budgetary constraints, the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) as the organization in charge of operating nuclear technology applications in various sectors, it is impossible to carry out simultaneously activities regarding investment, research and development in all sectors and is forced to choose some sectors and invest in them. This article is written based on documentary and library research and economic indexation (TOPSIS method in a series of MADM models) and it uses expert opinion in the form of a questionnaire. It has designated seven sub-sectors based on 13 criteria containing economic, technical, environmental and social sections. The results show that medicine (diagnosis) is of first priority, and medical affairs (treatment), industry, fisheries and aquaculture, soil and water, agriculture, gardening and forestry, and livestock and poultry are placed in next priorities respectively, for becoming entitled to investment, research and development plansDue to financal and budgetary constraints, the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran (AEOI) as the organization in charge of operating nuclear technology applications in various sectors, it is impossible to carry out simultaneously activities regarding investment, research and development in all sectors and is forced to choose some sectors and invest in them. This article is written based on documentary and library research and economic indexation (TOPSIS method in a series of MADM models) and it uses expert opinion in the form of a questionnaire. It has designated seven sub-sectors based on 13 criteria containing economic, technical, environmental and social sections. The results show that medicine (diagnosis) is of first priority, and medical affairs (treatment), industry, fisheries and aquaculture, soil and water, agriculture, gardening and forestry, and livestock and poultry are placed in next priorities respectively, for becoming entitled to investment, research and development planshttps://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124648_ad88de38435d460063a9726ed82dd1d8.pdfپژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظامStrategy1028-310226420180220Impact of National Interests on Human Rights in World Trade OrganizationImpact of National Interests on Human Rights in World Trade Organization124649FAJournal Article19700101Relation between human rights and World Trade Organization (WTO), is only a small part of an old issue but it is an updated matter of trade and ethics. Various different human life arena cannot be easily separated in the process of globalization. International economics activities have an effect on human rights at the most remote place on the earth. The primary mission of World Trade Organization is coordinating economic activities of states organizations. But the main purpose of countries representatives in international organizations is maximizing their government’s interests. In this article, we seek to answer this question: What is the impact of national interests on human rights in World Trade Organization? Less developed and developed countries try to show that they are eager to establish a constructive linkage between human rights and trade rules in WTO. But, in fact, a conflict is going on between these two groups of countries. This conflict broken out over the commercial interests of countries, has a negative impact on human rights.Relation between human rights and World Trade Organization (WTO), is only a small part of an old issue but it is an updated matter of trade and ethics. Various different human life arena cannot be easily separated in the process of globalization. International economics activities have an effect on human rights at the most remote place on the earth. The primary mission of World Trade Organization is coordinating economic activities of states organizations. But the main purpose of countries representatives in international organizations is maximizing their government’s interests. In this article, we seek to answer this question: What is the impact of national interests on human rights in World Trade Organization? Less developed and developed countries try to show that they are eager to establish a constructive linkage between human rights and trade rules in WTO. But, in fact, a conflict is going on between these two groups of countries. This conflict broken out over the commercial interests of countries, has a negative impact on human rights.https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124649_e7f6dd3598a0fdecd29fc2928d6a6c24.pdfپژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظامStrategy1028-310226420180220Methodological Critique of Islamic-Iranian Model of Progress: an Economic PerspectiveMethodological Critique of Islamic-Iranian Model of Progress: an Economic Perspective124650FAJournal Article19700101What is the method of establishing an ideal model for progress and development? The first step for development is recognizing the contradictions of Iran’s society and then solving them. So we propose a new methodology that I called "holistic methodology". This methodology is based on phenomenology and dialectics. According to this methodology, we conclude that in order to we conserve social order, progress must be in conform it with the critical speed of social change. This critical speed must be consistent with the logic of motion in economic sphere. So development model must be designed with respect to this character of economic sphere. Of course, the problem of critical speed must be aligned in political and cultural sphere. So, the dialectical situation in social sphere leads to a paradoxical state in recognition of progress problems in mainstream development paradigm. We conclude that the main problem of progress is contradiction between legitimacy and efficiency. The main solution also is to devise a institutional design to solve contradictions. These contradictions are rooted in tension between the different layers of reality and also in the inconsistency of different logics in social sphere. So, we need a logic to give us development theories for recognizing and solving these contradictions.What is the method of establishing an ideal model for progress and development? The first step for development is recognizing the contradictions of Iran’s society and then solving them. So we propose a new methodology that I called "holistic methodology". This methodology is based on phenomenology and dialectics. According to this methodology, we conclude that in order to we conserve social order, progress must be in conform it with the critical speed of social change. This critical speed must be consistent with the logic of motion in economic sphere. So development model must be designed with respect to this character of economic sphere. Of course, the problem of critical speed must be aligned in political and cultural sphere. So, the dialectical situation in social sphere leads to a paradoxical state in recognition of progress problems in mainstream development paradigm. We conclude that the main problem of progress is contradiction between legitimacy and efficiency. The main solution also is to devise a institutional design to solve contradictions. These contradictions are rooted in tension between the different layers of reality and also in the inconsistency of different logics in social sphere. So, we need a logic to give us development theories for recognizing and solving these contradictions.https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124650_2c3ac7afa18f8d72fcf83d1e402ea911.pdf