پژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظامStrategy1028-310224420160220Presenting "the 10-Step" Model of Human Resources Strategy Formulation Based on Strategic Reference Points (SRP)Presenting "the 10-Step" Model of Human Resources Strategy Formulation Based on Strategic Reference Points (SRP)124569FAJournal Article19700101In this study, "the 10-Step" model, based on Strategic Reference Point (SRP), internal and external environment analysis, and also a focus group of human resource professionals is developed for Iran petroleum industry. All organizational posts are categorized into 4 groups of paternalistic, secondary, contractual, & commitment, and for each category, fundamental and functional strategies along with subsequent actions are provided. A qualitative research methodology is applied by selecting Delphi and deep interview techniques; and research population includes all staff of a well-known Research Technology Organization (RTO) in Iran petroleum industry. corobining a strategic framework with ameliorating actions enables the organization to provide consolidation and consistency in its human resource systems such as recruitment, labor relations, performance appraisal and compensation. As strategic human resource planning is a key factor in the reinforcement of human resources, presenting strategies scrupulously and connecting them in a streamlined order with organization plans plays a critical role to rectify the main HR problems. This research aims to delineate a comprehensive and step by step model in order to formulate human resource strategy for the studied case and also other organizationsIn this study, "the 10-Step" model, based on Strategic Reference Point (SRP), internal and external environment analysis, and also a focus group of human resource professionals is developed for Iran petroleum industry. All organizational posts are categorized into 4 groups of paternalistic, secondary, contractual, & commitment, and for each category, fundamental and functional strategies along with subsequent actions are provided. A qualitative research methodology is applied by selecting Delphi and deep interview techniques; and research population includes all staff of a well-known Research Technology Organization (RTO) in Iran petroleum industry. corobining a strategic framework with ameliorating actions enables the organization to provide consolidation and consistency in its human resource systems such as recruitment, labor relations, performance appraisal and compensation. As strategic human resource planning is a key factor in the reinforcement of human resources, presenting strategies scrupulously and connecting them in a streamlined order with organization plans plays a critical role to rectify the main HR problems. This research aims to delineate a comprehensive and step by step model in order to formulate human resource strategy for the studied case and also other organizationshttps://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124569_2798a94113a373265523fa3d7afa47db.pdfپژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظامStrategy1028-310224420160220The Concept of Environmental Justice and Its Reflection on Regional and International DocumentsThe Concept of Environmental Justice and Its Reflection on Regional and International Documents124570FAJournal Article19700101The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, has been collected with an emphasis on non-discrimination between people and the right to food for all. The progress of civilization, especially after the Industrial Revolution led to the destruction of the environment. Human efforts to protect the environment were intensified in the late twentieth century but most of this activity has focused on the prevention of environmental degradation and has ignored the effects of environmental degradation on people. In international law, generally, there is no mechanism for compensation for people injured from environmental degradation. The concept of environmental justice is a new topic in international law. For this purpose, at first, we try to differentiate between environmental justice and environmentalism. Afterwards, we examine the aspects of environmental justice in regional and international documents for indicating the necessity of a legal system for environmental justice.The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, has been collected with an emphasis on non-discrimination between people and the right to food for all. The progress of civilization, especially after the Industrial Revolution led to the destruction of the environment. Human efforts to protect the environment were intensified in the late twentieth century but most of this activity has focused on the prevention of environmental degradation and has ignored the effects of environmental degradation on people. In international law, generally, there is no mechanism for compensation for people injured from environmental degradation. The concept of environmental justice is a new topic in international law. For this purpose, at first, we try to differentiate between environmental justice and environmentalism. Afterwards, we examine the aspects of environmental justice in regional and international documents for indicating the necessity of a legal system for environmental justice.https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124570_e0703e649eaee9b323ddb1e52e2fd205.pdfپژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظامStrategy1028-310224420160220Responsibility to Protect Doctrine: a Comparative Study of the Approaches Taken by P5 to Crises in Lybia and SyriaResponsibility to Protect Doctrine: a Comparative Study of the Approaches Taken by P5 to Crises in Lybia and Syria124571FAJournal Article19700101The present century due to new concerns and challenges regarding international human crises and increase in world expectations to adequately, timely and purposeful respond to them, witnesses more signifiant developments compared to the past century. The instrumental use of the concept of human rights to intervene in the internal affarirs of other countries by great powers to ensure their own objectives and national intersts and also deep and serious differences regarding the manner, time and legitimacy of military intervention by the international community have made humanitarian intervention a controvrsial solution for human crises. In this regard, the ratification of responsibility to protect doctrine at the UN 2005 World Summit and its recognition as an accepted international norm, suggests an important step taken by the international community for adopting an approach to solve international human crises. Although the practical test of this doctrine in Lybian crisis and efforts made for applying this model to Syria provoked once again harsh criticisms against great powers, particulary the permanent members of the Security Council, this article while taking a look at responsibility to protect doctrine, tries to conduct a comparative study of approaches taken by P5 to crises in Lybia and Syria.The present century due to new concerns and challenges regarding international human crises and increase in world expectations to adequately, timely and purposeful respond to them, witnesses more signifiant developments compared to the past century. The instrumental use of the concept of human rights to intervene in the internal affarirs of other countries by great powers to ensure their own objectives and national intersts and also deep and serious differences regarding the manner, time and legitimacy of military intervention by the international community have made humanitarian intervention a controvrsial solution for human crises. In this regard, the ratification of responsibility to protect doctrine at the UN 2005 World Summit and its recognition as an accepted international norm, suggests an important step taken by the international community for adopting an approach to solve international human crises. Although the practical test of this doctrine in Lybian crisis and efforts made for applying this model to Syria provoked once again harsh criticisms against great powers, particulary the permanent members of the Security Council, this article while taking a look at responsibility to protect doctrine, tries to conduct a comparative study of approaches taken by P5 to crises in Lybia and Syria.https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124571_0f4ec2de5c9916d86cc5ba83c3df5c79.pdfپژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظامStrategy1028-310224420160220Analysis of Self Defense in the Statute of the Permanent International Criminal CourtAnalysis of Self Defense in the Statute of the Permanent International Criminal Court124572FAJournal Article19700101In the Statute of the permanent International Criminal Court in 1998 (Article 31(1) (c)), the possibility of appeal to acquittal defense including self-defense in relation to international crimes has been predicted. Relying upon library and analytical - descriptive method and with the aim of the analysis of the rules and issues related to self-defense within the statute of international criminal court, 1998, and to provide logical comments to eliminate or reduce the ambiguities in its provisions, this article concludes that the best justification for the philosophical basis of self-defense is the theory of right to self-defense considering that the circumstances of self-defense in the Statute have not been accepted clearly. With regard to the license extracted from Article 21, this objection to self-defense could be solved by reference to the general principles stipulated in national law and other legal systems of the worldIn the Statute of the permanent International Criminal Court in 1998 (Article 31(1) (c)), the possibility of appeal to acquittal defense including self-defense in relation to international crimes has been predicted. Relying upon library and analytical - descriptive method and with the aim of the analysis of the rules and issues related to self-defense within the statute of international criminal court, 1998, and to provide logical comments to eliminate or reduce the ambiguities in its provisions, this article concludes that the best justification for the philosophical basis of self-defense is the theory of right to self-defense considering that the circumstances of self-defense in the Statute have not been accepted clearly. With regard to the license extracted from Article 21, this objection to self-defense could be solved by reference to the general principles stipulated in national law and other legal systems of the worldhttps://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124572_c864c30abb9ed665a4286d061c670d51.pdfپژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظامStrategy1028-310224420160220Feasibility of Forming Regional System in the Persian Gulf Cooperation CouncilFeasibility of Forming Regional System in the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council124573FAJournal Article19700101Structural transformation in international relations after the Cold War has entered the world into a new phase with transition characteristics. This has made regional cooperation around the world more important. Therefore, regional policies have not only become a measure of success in each of the countries in the region, but also they require the participation of all countries in the region in the process of regionalism. Regionalism is only possible in the context of a regional system. The Persian Gulf Cooperation Council is one of the most important projects, in the Middle East and North Africa. In this article, we try to study the feasibility of forming a regional system in the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council by an analytical model based on variables affecting the political, economic, security and socio - cultural context of political, economic, security and social systems. This article assumes that due to challenges and limitations facing the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council, it has not obtained a great deal of success in the context of integration and regionalism The Persian Gulf Cooperation Council is now faced with uncertainty. The findings also indicate that variables affecting the political, economic, security and socio - cultural context of political, economic, social, security and cultural systems, confirms this assumptionStructural transformation in international relations after the Cold War has entered the world into a new phase with transition characteristics. This has made regional cooperation around the world more important. Therefore, regional policies have not only become a measure of success in each of the countries in the region, but also they require the participation of all countries in the region in the process of regionalism. Regionalism is only possible in the context of a regional system. The Persian Gulf Cooperation Council is one of the most important projects, in the Middle East and North Africa. In this article, we try to study the feasibility of forming a regional system in the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council by an analytical model based on variables affecting the political, economic, security and socio - cultural context of political, economic, security and social systems. This article assumes that due to challenges and limitations facing the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council, it has not obtained a great deal of success in the context of integration and regionalism The Persian Gulf Cooperation Council is now faced with uncertainty. The findings also indicate that variables affecting the political, economic, security and socio - cultural context of political, economic, social, security and cultural systems, confirms this assumptionhttps://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124573_abab511bdb2216e5eaa425a3cd3b885f.pdfپژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظامStrategy1028-310224420160220International Responsibility of States Sending Weapons to Terrorist Groups in SyriaInternational Responsibility of States Sending Weapons to Terrorist Groups in Syria124574FAJournal Article19700101With the beginning of Syrian crisis in 2011, the opponent governments of Syrian regime tried in different ways to undermine and eventually overthrow the popular Syrian government. In this regard, the most important effort have been sending weapons, specially chemical weapons, to terrorist groups, particularly ISIS that has been intensified since the chemical attacks by terrorists in August 2013 in Syria. Obviously the entities in charge of arms sending have not been ordinary citizens in spite of some evidence, this article tries to answer the following questions by adopting a cross-sectional approach and citing the binding principles of international law and authentic scientific sites .Which foreign governments take part in arms support of terrorists in Syria? How the international responsibility for supporting terrorist by means arms supply in Syria could be assigned to them? The results of this study suggest that according to explicit international law prohibition on supporting terrorism in a variety of ways and jus cogens like non-intervention, non-aggression, neutrality in conflicts in international law, those who provide terrorist groups with external financial, weaponry and media support in Syria, can be assumed responsible for terrorist acts. So, the international responsibility of Western and Arab states and certain international organizations is proved in SyriaWith the beginning of Syrian crisis in 2011, the opponent governments of Syrian regime tried in different ways to undermine and eventually overthrow the popular Syrian government. In this regard, the most important effort have been sending weapons, specially chemical weapons, to terrorist groups, particularly ISIS that has been intensified since the chemical attacks by terrorists in August 2013 in Syria. Obviously the entities in charge of arms sending have not been ordinary citizens in spite of some evidence, this article tries to answer the following questions by adopting a cross-sectional approach and citing the binding principles of international law and authentic scientific sites .Which foreign governments take part in arms support of terrorists in Syria? How the international responsibility for supporting terrorist by means arms supply in Syria could be assigned to them? The results of this study suggest that according to explicit international law prohibition on supporting terrorism in a variety of ways and jus cogens like non-intervention, non-aggression, neutrality in conflicts in international law, those who provide terrorist groups with external financial, weaponry and media support in Syria, can be assumed responsible for terrorist acts. So, the international responsibility of Western and Arab states and certain international organizations is proved in Syriahttps://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124574_62566d0afb0fa7212c5049505b522ae8.pdfپژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظامStrategy1028-310224420160220Confrontation between Islam and Liberalism in Approaching DemocracyConfrontation between Islam and Liberalism in Approaching Democracy124575FAJournal Article19700101Studies aimed at to exploring relationship between religion and democracy have paid little attention to the concerns existing in the second side of this relationship. This article claims that a conceptual examination of democracy and a survey of its history show that existing suspicions are originated of a confrontation between Islam and democracy rather than their inherent conflict, and is related to the domination of liberal democracy that is defined as the liberal reading of democracy. Therefore, having made a historical and corceptal reflection on democracy, the anthor studies affnities existing between Islam and liberalism on the one hard and democracy, on the other hand, then he compares their differences as two rival political philosophies to prove his initial claimStudies aimed at to exploring relationship between religion and democracy have paid little attention to the concerns existing in the second side of this relationship. This article claims that a conceptual examination of democracy and a survey of its history show that existing suspicions are originated of a confrontation between Islam and democracy rather than their inherent conflict, and is related to the domination of liberal democracy that is defined as the liberal reading of democracy. Therefore, having made a historical and corceptal reflection on democracy, the anthor studies affnities existing between Islam and liberalism on the one hard and democracy, on the other hand, then he compares their differences as two rival political philosophies to prove his initial claimhttps://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124575_b36b7368f4a6bbc18988076a01e4d4f9.pdfپژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظامStrategy1028-310224420160220Real Exchange Rate Effect on Non-Oil Trade Balance (Experimental Comparison of between Iran and Turkey)Real Exchange Rate Effect on Non-Oil Trade Balance (Experimental Comparison of between Iran and Turkey)124576FAJournal Article19700101This article studies the relationship between non-oil trade balance and real exchange rate in Iran, based on Rose and Yellen corrected model, by using annual data during period 1981 - 2013. First, in order to investigate the stationarity of variables, the augmented Dicky-Fuller test was used, and to check the validity of the Dicky-Fuller test, Perrone structural break test was applied. Moreover, in order to determine the long-run relationships and short-run dynamics between non-oil trade balance and real exchange rate, and also the GDP of Iran and that of Turkey, the ARDL model was utilized. Regarding to positive effects of real exchange rate on trade balance in the short run; devaluation policy can be useful for policymakers to improve non-oil trade balance of Iran-Turkey.but there is no long-run relationship between non-oil trade balance of Iran and its real exchange rate. Moreover, in the short and long-run, the GDP of Iran has negative effect on trade balance and the at of Turkey has positive effect on trade balance, which is based on macroeconomics theories.This article studies the relationship between non-oil trade balance and real exchange rate in Iran, based on Rose and Yellen corrected model, by using annual data during period 1981 - 2013. First, in order to investigate the stationarity of variables, the augmented Dicky-Fuller test was used, and to check the validity of the Dicky-Fuller test, Perrone structural break test was applied. Moreover, in order to determine the long-run relationships and short-run dynamics between non-oil trade balance and real exchange rate, and also the GDP of Iran and that of Turkey, the ARDL model was utilized. Regarding to positive effects of real exchange rate on trade balance in the short run; devaluation policy can be useful for policymakers to improve non-oil trade balance of Iran-Turkey.but there is no long-run relationship between non-oil trade balance of Iran and its real exchange rate. Moreover, in the short and long-run, the GDP of Iran has negative effect on trade balance and the at of Turkey has positive effect on trade balance, which is based on macroeconomics theories.https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124576_0c5986ba4acd9d6210ced4a4a8e3af11.pdfپژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظامStrategy1028-310224420160220Nursing Professional Excellence Practical Model: A Qualitative Research Based on Payvar TheoryNursing Professional Excellence Practical Model: A Qualitative Research Based on Payvar Theory124577FAJournal Article19700101This article aims at designing a practical model for nursing professional excellence and providing some effective factors based on Payvar or “Grounded Theory” in forming extra role behaviors. This qualitative study was carried out on the basis of Payvar or "Grounded Theory" of Corbin & Strauss copy in 2008. Participants in this study were among nurses and from different ranks. Participants were selected based on assigned indicators, "Snowball Sampling Method". Data are collected through in depth semi-structural interviews. In this study, nineteen interviews were held with fifteen participants. Upon the analysis of the data and doing constant comparisons for the purpose of conceptual accumulation, 1450 primary codes, 35 primary categories,8 sub categories and 3 themes were derived in the frame of a conceptual model consisting of extra role professional behaviors, strategic professional insight, and professional talents management. The research results imply differences between excellence nurses behaviors and their specific characteristics. The emergence of the extra role behaviors need to be encouraged. The role of managers is important in this situation. Deducting the appropriate policy and strategies for emerging extra role behaviors in nurses and improving quality of care services are considered necessary. With the application of the nursing professional excellence model in medical centers, we can ensure the quality of care services and commitment to the persistent improvement of the nursing services.This article aims at designing a practical model for nursing professional excellence and providing some effective factors based on Payvar or “Grounded Theory” in forming extra role behaviors. This qualitative study was carried out on the basis of Payvar or "Grounded Theory" of Corbin & Strauss copy in 2008. Participants in this study were among nurses and from different ranks. Participants were selected based on assigned indicators, "Snowball Sampling Method". Data are collected through in depth semi-structural interviews. In this study, nineteen interviews were held with fifteen participants. Upon the analysis of the data and doing constant comparisons for the purpose of conceptual accumulation, 1450 primary codes, 35 primary categories,8 sub categories and 3 themes were derived in the frame of a conceptual model consisting of extra role professional behaviors, strategic professional insight, and professional talents management. The research results imply differences between excellence nurses behaviors and their specific characteristics. The emergence of the extra role behaviors need to be encouraged. The role of managers is important in this situation. Deducting the appropriate policy and strategies for emerging extra role behaviors in nurses and improving quality of care services are considered necessary. With the application of the nursing professional excellence model in medical centers, we can ensure the quality of care services and commitment to the persistent improvement of the nursing services.https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124577_3abda9cd520611871c92e059726ccf64.pdf