The United States’ Media Manipulation Regarding Iran’s Nuclear Program: A Case Study of Voice of America (VOA)
جواد
حقگو
author
محمدعلی
شیرخانی
author
text
article
2015
per
Creating crisis has been the United States’ primary policy regarding Iran’s nuclear program. The U.S. media diplomacy has played a unique role in creating the Iranian nuclear crisis and its aftermath. During the past few years, media, as the most significant agent of the U.S. media diplomacy, have manipulated the global public opinion by propagating the alleged Iranian approach to producing nuclear bombs. The primary objective of the present study is to analyze these media manipulations. Outlining the fundamental role played by the Voice of America in producing and preserving the Iranian nuclear dispute, we have conducted a content analysis of this longstanding American channel. The required data are gathered using library, archival, and internet sources. Finally, clarifying the methods used to create disputes around Iranian nuclear program, we have presented the areas being affected by the media manipulation and its different dimensions
Strategy
پژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام
1028-3102
24
v.
2
no.
2015
https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124551_73de6a591bb47f1bfdeb7459b5b08375.pdf
Ineffectiveness of the International Law and the International Environmental Law in Preserving the International Natural Environment
عسکر
جلالیان
author
text
article
2015
per
This paper seeks to underline and study the loopholes in the International Law and the International Environmental Law regarding national and international issues. It is argued that the International Law and the International Environmental Law possess a proper capacity to address the preservation of the global natural environment. This, however, is not enough. This study argues that establishing a special environmental court to take up the cases regarding the natural environment and institutionalizing the international criminal responsibilities of the states are necessary steps which must be taken. All the rules and laws regarding the natural environment must be obligatory. This is the only way to ensure that the global environment would remain favorable for the global population
Strategy
پژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام
1028-3102
24
v.
2
no.
2015
https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124552_8a9d329778f2995fd510556da2037ca1.pdf
European Union and Managing Iran’s Nuclear Program: Analyzing the Trends and Future Studying the Interests
بهزاد
خوشاندام
author
text
article
2015
per
The relationship between Iran and European Union has been largely affected by Iran’s nuclear program since the beginning of this century. This relationship has particularly suffered many challenges and stagnations since 2003. This situation is amid the special position, identity, and importance of both of these actors in the future structure of the world order. Analyzing the existing trends in the relationship between these two actors is particularly crucial for the Islamic Republic of Iran’s foreign policy. The future relations between Iran and European Union will have numerous consequences for the both sides’ strategic interests and objectives, especially when analyzed through the future studying of Iran’s interactions with the global powers. This paper seeks to genealogically and pathologically study the position of these two actors in the future world, regarding the role of Iran’s nuclear program in European Union in a period of more than 10 years. Then, the research, reviewing the theoretical literature on international relations, goes on to study the influential variables in the actors’ current and future affairs. The study also discusses the driving forces in the future relations of Iran and European Union. The anticipated scenarios of the relations between the two actors according to their respective needs and objectives in foreign policy are also analyzed. The paper, finally, presents strategies for policy-making in this important era of Iran’s foreign policy.
Strategy
پژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام
1028-3102
24
v.
2
no.
2015
https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124553_6c8c7045ae25fcc7e94f3043448631ca.pdf
Identity, Politics, and Lifeworld
احسان
کاظمی
author
محسن
جمشیدی
author
text
article
2015
per
Identity has always been one of the most intricate and important issues in human life. Identity, as the understanding of one’s self, has been studied through various perspectives and approaches. On the one hand, the essentialist approach argues that identity is of an essence in itself. On the other hand, rejecting the essentialist approach, some emphasize the non-essential, baseless nature of identity, describing that as a mere product of power games and discursive battles. This paper provides a third approach to identity based on Wittgenstein and Husserl’s concept of way of life and lifeworld. Despite maintaining the critique on the essentialist view, this third approach does not perceive identity to be the baseless product of power and discourse, rather, it grants authenticity and significance to it. The paper also examines, very briefly, the transition of the concept from theory to practice and its application on Iranian identity
Strategy
پژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام
1028-3102
24
v.
2
no.
2015
https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124554_af3d53582a4f5bc6623845541cdebb7c.pdf
Strategic Study of the Inter-Organizational Relationship and Cooperation of the Industrial and Service Activities
شهناز
صداقتزادگان
author
text
article
2015
per
This paper studies the inter-organizational relationships in a geographical area. A review of the scientific resources in different fields expresses the increasing significance of the inter-organizational relationship. New developmental approaches emphasize the role of the inter-organizational relationship strategy to manage complicated and competitive modern environment and, also, to address the organization’s objectives and interests. This paper seeks to study the inter-organizational relationship between similar and dissimilar units. The study also analyzes the role of the organization’s culture and record on the relationship and recognizing the “strategy” to create or reinforce the relationship. Theoretical framework is constituted of the six paradigms of inter-organizational relationship, theories of its relation with culture and record, and strategic model of SWOT. Nine questions are developed. To answer the questions, 32 organizations are studied by qualitative methods, including interview and SWOT model. Results show that there are many relationships among the 32 studied organizations. The relationships are more apparent between organizations with dissimilar activity, including service and industry spheres. Few relationships were also observed between similar organizations (mostly industrial organizations). The direct influence of culture (education) and record on the inter-organizational relationship is confirmed. Although there is a vast range of relationship, the findings indicate that there are still many potentials to increase or reinforce inter-organizational relationships. Using the model of SWOT, a strategy for enforcing the inter-organizational relationship and cooperation is introduced
Strategy
پژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام
1028-3102
24
v.
2
no.
2015
https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124555_1b52e0d8b81bc80313cbd4669da133dd.pdf
Moderation and Political Equilibrium: Necessities of Moderate Politics in Iran’s Contemporary Political Environment
ابوالفضل
دلاوری
author
text
article
2015
per
Moderation did not use to play a significant role in contemporary Iran as a major political approach. In addition to that, during the past few years, the domestic and foreign policies were affected by the extremist approaches inside the country. The moderate movements, however, emerged recently as an answer to the increased internal and external issues and they utilized the slogan of moderation during the last general election. This effort was received gladly among various social and political groups in the country and led to the victory of the proponents of moderation in the latest presidential election. Nevertheless, the consistency and durability of moderation in Iran’s contemporary political environment faces many obstacles and challenges. One of these obstacles is lack of equilibrium in political structure that is mostly manifest in the imbalanced relationship between government and society, institutional incompatibility, antagonistic relations between political groups instead of rationality and conversation, and dominance of Clientelism in the political system. An improvement in the equilibrium standards of the political structure and relations is the key for the moderate policies and programs in economic, social, cultural, and foreign relations to be successful. The advocates of moderation can begin the strategic equilibration of the political process with reforms in the management of the executive branch, optimizing the decision-making and policy-making methods, and modifying the political manners of the statesmen. Then, they can strengthen their social and political base through performing détente and conflict resolution policies in foreign affairs, providing prosperity and transparency in the economic sphere, supporting political and cultural expansion, preparing desirable conditions for the oppressed institutions to compel them to be active, and empowering the vulnerable groups. Finally, the moderate administration can utilize an interactive approach in its relations with other political groups and institutions to strengthen the compromise and consensus over macro policies and programs and provide for an improved political equilibrium in the country
Strategy
پژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام
1028-3102
24
v.
2
no.
2015
https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124556_f96983f4639c792225d33dc62e72552b.pdf
Clarifying Iraqi Invasion of Iran: On the Causal Role of the Struggle for Recognition
امین
روان بد
author
عبدالعلی
قوام
author
text
article
2015
per
Saddam Hussein’s efforts to establish Iraq as the regional hegemon and the leader of the Arab World is vastly proposed, in most of the literature, as one of the main causes of the Iran-Iraq War. This proposition, however, has been expressed very vaguely in previous studies. In other words, no direct logical connection is specified between Iraq’s intention to be the regional hegemon or the leader of the Arab World and its invasion of Iran. Why did Iraq, rather than trying other options, choose to wage a war on Iran to achieve its objectives? Were it not possible for Saddam Hussein to assume his position as the leader of the Arab World through peaceful alternatives? The analytical framework of “the struggle for recognition” is able to provide answers to these questions. The aforementioned proposition could be clarified through this analytical framework. This paper applies “the struggle for recognition” to further explore the causes of the Iraqi invasion of Iran. States struggle to enforce the recognition of their right to life in international arena (thin recognition) and compel the world to recognize their various identity layers, including status (thick recognition). This paper, therefore, explains how Iraq’s struggle for recognition of its status as the regional hegemon and the leader of the Arab World led to violence and eventually the War
Strategy
پژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام
1028-3102
24
v.
2
no.
2015
https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124557_cb5217228cc001896e5ee289e3bdd642.pdf
A Sociological Study of Transaction Cost and Its Impact on Entrepreneurs’ Economic Activity: The Case of the Entrepreneurs in Hamadan Province
رضا
همتی
author
شکوفه
فرهمند
author
مجید
خالقیفر
author
وحید
قاسمی
author
text
article
2015
per
A transaction cost is a cost that has no role in the process of production but is accounted for in the final price of the product; though it should not be so. This paper seeks to analyze the relationship between social costs of transaction and unproductive economic activity. New institutional theories and, especially, Douglass North’s theory constitute the theoretical framework of the study. Institutions are formal and informal laws and rules of the game in any society which reduce uncertainty in transactions. This study has been conducted among a research population consisted of entrepreneurs in Hamadan Province (n=370). The research sample was selected using mixed method sampling, including stratified and simple random methods. The structural equation model was analyzed using AMOS software. The value of absolute fit index (normed chi-square) equaled CMIN/DF=4.71, which proved acceptable along with other model indices. The standardized coefficient reveals that, once other variables are assumed to be fixed, the components of transaction costs exert an impact on productive/unproductive entrepreneurship as large as 0.49. The findings indicate that entrepreneurs tend to withdraw from productive entrepreneurship and embark on unproductive entrepreneurship because they underestimate the indices addressed in the present study. Another important outcome of the research is the significant relationship between a sense of security, social capital, generic trust, interpersonal trust, social participation, collaboration, particularism, stable laws and circulars, government intervention in the economy, good performance of contracts and rights with unproductive entrepreneurship. The Coefficient of Determination of the model suggests that the model variables could account for 30% of the unproductive entrepreneurship variance.
Strategy
پژوهشکده تحقیقات راهبردی مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام
1028-3102
24
v.
2
no.
2015
https://rahbord.csr.ir/article_124558_2d773195ed45d66d54dd77cebddbd6bd.pdf